Trade Policies for Electronic Commerce (2008)
Aaditya Mattoo, Ludger Schuknecht, Bernard Hoekman, Pierre Latrille, Patrick Low, Hamid Mamdouh, ...
Abstract: WTO members have decided provisionally to exempt electronic delivery of products from customs duties. There is growing support for the decision to be made permanent. Is this desirable? Some...
Jagdish Bhagwati, Arvind Panagariya, T. N. Srinivasan
In the early 1980s, “outsourcing ” typically referred to the situation when firms expanded their purchases of manufactured physical inputs, like car companies that purchased window cranks and...
Forthcoming in revised form: The Journal of Economic Perspectives) (2008)
Jagdish Bhagwati, Arvind Panagariya, T. N. Srinivasan, Katherine Mann, Lori Kletzer, John Williamson
Note: Readers who are not theoretically inclined may skip Section III without loss of continuity. Critics have muddled the public debate over offshore outsourcing by using the term interchangeably to...
Gerald Epsteins, Edward Green, Arvind Panagariya, Albert Rees, Donald Keesing, ...
SloanFoundation. The manuscript was typed by Edna Lloyd and Irene Rowe. Since the early 1970's there has been a definite trend in many Western
On the Theory of a Participatory Firm (2007)
Arvind Panagariya, Albert Rees, Jaroslav Vanek
* This paper is a major revision of my May 1977 paper: ' Theory of a Labor-Manager-Shareholder (LMS) Managed Firm. " I have greatly benefitted
1 The WTO Promotes Trade, Strongly But Unevenly (2006)
Arvind Subramanian, Shang-jin Wei, Alina Carare, Peter Clark, K. Michael Finger, Hildegunn Nordas, ...
WTO, Inter-American Development Bank for helpful suggestions and discussions. The authors would also like to thanks two anonymous referees and the editor (Bob Staiger) for comments that have...
Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy and General Equilibrium (2004)
Limao, Nuno, Panagariya, Arvind
An important question that has continued to elude trade economists is why trade interventions are biased in favor of import-competing rather than exportable sectors. Indeed, as Philip Levy (1999)...
Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy and General Equilibrium (2004)
Limao, Nuno, Panagariya, Arvind
An important question that has continued to elude trade economists is why trade interventions are biased in favor of import-competing rather than exportable sectors. Indeed, as Philip Levy (1999)...
Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy and General Equilibrium (2004)
Limao, Nuno, Panagariya, Arvind
An important question that has continued to elude trade economists is why trade interventions are biased in favor of import-competing rather than exportable sectors. Indeed, as Philip Levy (1999)...
Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy and General Equilibrium (2004)
Limao, Nuno, Panagariya, Arvind
An important question that has continued to elude trade economists is why trade interventions are biased in favor of import-competing rather than exportable sectors. Indeed, as Philip Levy (1999)...
Preferential Trading Arrangements, Trade, and Growth (2004)
El punto natural de partida para estudiar la relación entre acuerdos comerciales preferentes, comercio y crecimiento es el vínculo entre crecimiento y comercio. Si esta relación es débil, es...
Preferential Trading Arrangements, Trade, and Growth (2004)
El punto natural de partida para estudiar la relación entre acuerdos comerciales preferentes, comercio y crecimiento es el vínculo entre crecimiento y comercio. Si esta relación es débil, es...
Multilateral Disciplines for Investment-Related Policies? (1999)
Bernard Hoekman, Kamal Saggi, Will Martin, Aaditya Mattoo, Marcelo Olarreaga, Arvind Panagariya, ...
This paper asks whether there is a strong case for developing countries to support the creation of a multilateral agreement on investment. We identify a number of potential gains from cooperation:
Preferential Trading Areas and Multilateralism: Strangers, Friends or Foes? (1996)
Bhagwati, Jagdish, Panagariya, Arvind
In this paper we undertake the following tasks: first, having reviewed key concepts and phrases, we extend the "static" analysis of Preferential Trading Areas (PTAs). This enables us to and reject...
The pure theory of international trade and variable returns to scale / (1978)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton.
Should East Asia go regional? No, no and maybe
The author studies the case for three different approaches to regionalism in East Asia. First, he examines closely the only serious attempt at preferential trading in the region - the Association of...
Preferential Trading and Capital Mobility
Arvind Panagariya, Sethaput Suthiwart-Narueput
A key issue in the NAFTA debate was the effect of international capital mobility. This paper considers the implications of capital mobility in a three-good, three-country model of preferential...
Preferential Trading Arrangements, Trade, and Growth
The natural starting point in the study of the relationship among PTAs, trade, and growth is the link between growth and trade. If this relationship itself is weak, it is unlikely that we can...
Injury Investigations in Antidumping and the Super-Additivity Effect: A Theoretical Explanation
Poonam Gupta, Arvind Panagariya
Antidumping, cumulation, injury investigation,
The new regionalism : a country perspective
De Melo, Jaime, Panagariya, Arvind, Rodrik, Dani
Regional integration is on the rise again, despite its apparent failure among developing countries in the past. The authors survey the ambiguous economies of customs unions, emphasizing that the...
Demand elasticities in international trade : are they really low?
Shah, Shekhar, Mishra, Deepak, Panagariya, Arvind
The authors analyze the U.S. demandfor Bangladeshi imports for products restricted under the Multifiber Arrangement. Because Bangladesh is only a small supplier of these products and Latin American...
India in the 1980s and 1990s: A Triumph of Reforms
Bradford DeLong and Dani Rodrik have argued that reforms in India cannot be credited with higher growth because the growth rate crossed the 5 percent mark in the 1980s, well before the launch of the...
Regional integration and the environment
PANAGARIYA, ARVIND, SUTHIWART-NARUEPUT, SETHAPUT
This paper explores the interaction between regional integration and the environment in a formal three-country, three-good model which incorporates pollution. Our main findings are: (1) whether...
Injury Investigations in Anti-Dumping and the Super-Additivity Effect: A Theoretical Explanation
Arvind Panagariya, Poonam Gupta
Empirical evidence shows that injury investigations in anti-dumping cases conducted by the United States International Trade Commission, the probability of a positive finding is higher when the...
South Asia: Does Preferential Trade Liberalisation Make Sense?
This paper systematically analyses the issue of trade liberalisation in the South Asia region and offers a qualitative assessment of alternative approaches. I compare two broad approaches to trade...
Preferential Trade Liberalization: The Traditional Theory and New Developments
This paper begins by systematically developing the "static" theory of preferential trade areas (PTAs) and showing that neither a large volume of initial intra-union trade nor geographical proximity...
Defense and Welfare under Rivalry.
Panagariya, Arvind, Shibata, Hirofumi
Two small countries facing a constant probability of war with each other import arms for consumption goods from the rest of the world. The defense good, produced by combining arms and army, is a...
Political-Economy Arguments for a Uniform Tariff.
Panagariya, Arvind, Rodrik, Dani
We consider three political-economy arguments in favor of a uniform tariff rule (UTR). First, if tariffs are determined by lobbying, adoption of a UTR creates a free-rider problem. A tariff resulting...
A political - economy analysis of free trade areas and customs unions
Panagariya, Arvind, Findlay, Ronald
The authors analyze the welfare effects of regional integration in a model of endogenous protection. They show that introducing preferential trading leads to an increase in protection against...
Is East Asia less open than North America and the European Economic Community? No
Dhar, Sumana, Panagariya, Arvind
To shed light on regional integration schemes in North America and Europe (and on the alleged trading bloc in East Asia), the authors explore the nature of bilateral trade relationships. Using the...
Evaluating the case for export subsidies
Now that import-substitution policies have failed and been discredited, there has been a shift in favor of interventions on behalf of export interests. The author argues that close scrutiny reveals...
Input tariffs and duty drawbacks in the design of tariff reform
This paper analyzes the welfare effects of raising tariffs on inputs, complemented by duty drawbacks on exports, in a small open economy. The main findings of the paper are as follows. First, a...
How should tariffs be structured?
In the course of trade-policy reforms, countries must confront at least two important questions with respect to tariffs. First, what is the optimal structure of tariffs? In particular, is it optimal...
Preferential trading in South Asia
Baysan, Tercan, Panagariya, Arvind, Pitigala, Nihal
The authors examine the economic case for the South Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA) Agreement signed on January 6, 2004 by India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. They...
Commodity exports and real income in Africa
Panagariya, Arvind, Schiff, Maurice
It has been argued that if several developing countries expand exports, they are likely to experience a decline in their terms of trade, export revenues, and real incomes. The general case for this...
Political economy arguments for uniform tariffs
Panagariya, Arvind, Rodrik, Dani
During the 1980s the Bank aggressively promoted greater uniformity in tariffs in developing countries. The Bank's structural adjustment and trade reform programs have often recommended abolition of...
Taxes versus quotas : the case of cocoa exports
Panagariya, Arvind, Schiff, Maurice
The authors are particularly interested in evaluating the concern that efficiency or policy-induced changes in the supply of exports of primary commodities, such as cocoa, coffee, and tea, may lead...
Unraveling the mysteries of China's foreign trade regime : a view from Jiangsu Province
This paper provides an analytic discussion of China's complex foreign trade regime and suggests policy reforms. The paper pays special attention to the implementation of national trade policies at...
Regional integration, old and new
De Melo, Jaime, Montenegro, Claudio, Panagariya, Arvind
After lying dormant for two decades, regional integration is on the rise. Recent initiatives suggest that the world trading system may be moving toward three trading blocs clustered around Japan, the...
Agricultural Liberalisation and the Least Developed Countries: Six Fallacies
Today, agriculture remains the most distorted sector of the world economy. Therefore, agricultural liberalisation in the Doha negotiations is rightly the top priority. But the public-policy discourse...
Bhagwati and Ramaswami: Why it is a Classic
This paper expounds on a well-known and widely influential paper 'Domestic Distortions, Tariffs and the Theory of Optimum Subsidy' (1963) by Bhagwati in collaboration with V. K. Ramaswami. The...
Miracles and Debacles: In Defence of Trade Openness
The central theme of this paper is that sustained rapid growth cannot be achieved without rapid growth in trade. A review of the experience during the past four decades offers virtually no examples...
Why India Lags Behind China and How It Can Bridge the Gap
Though India has been growing at six per cent annually since the late 1980s, it trails behind China, which has been growing at ten per cent per annum since 1981. The single most important factor...
Política Comercial, Exportaciones de Productos Básicos y Bienestar: Teoría y Aplicación al Cacao
Arvind Panagariya, Maurice Schiff
It has been argued frequently that an expansion of primary products by several developing countries is likely to lead to a decline in their terms of trade, export revenues and real incomes. In the...
Preferential Trading and Capital Mobility
Arvind Panagariya, Sethaput Suthiwart-Narueput
A key issue in the NAFTA debate was the effect of international capital mobility. This paper considers the implications of capital mobility in a three-good, three-country model of preferential...
Developing Countries at Doha: A Political Economy Analysis
This paper offers a political economy analysis of the Doha Ministerial Conference with special reference to developing countries. One of my key objectives is to understand the politics underlying the...
FREE TRADE AREAS AND RULES OF ORIGIN: ECONOMICS AND POLITICS
RUPA DUTTAGUPTA, ARVIND PANAGARIYA
Incorporating an intermediate input into a simple small-union general-equilibrium model, this paper first develops the welfare economics of preferential trading under the rules of origin (ROO) and...
Preferential Trading and Real Wages.
Panagariya, Arvind, Suthiwart-Narueput, Sethaput
Following the Stolper-Samuelson type of logic, the general impression is that freeing up trade, whether preferentially as in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or on a nondiscriminatory...
Jagdish Bhagwati, Arvind Panagariya, T. N. Srinivasan
Critics have muddled the public debate over offshore outsourcing by using the term interchangeably to refer to altogether different phenomena such as on-line purchase of services, direct foreign...
Alternative Approaches to Measuring the Cost of Protection
Economists measure the economy-wide cost of protection in terms of static efficiency, growth rates and firm- or industry-level productivity. The earlier literature was devoted almost exclusively to...
Cost of Protection where do we stand?
Economists measure the cost of protection in terms of static efficiency, growth rates and firm- or industry-level productivity effects. This survey is devoted exclusively to the literature on the...
Free Trade Areas and Rules of Origin: Economics and Politics
Arvind Panagariya, Rupa Dutta Gupta
We incorporate intermediate inputs into a small-union general- equilibrium model and develop the welfare economics of preferential trading under the rules of origin. Combining this analysis with the...
Trade Openness: Consequences for the Elasticity of Demand for Labor and Wage Outcomes
Leamer (1995), Rodrik (1997) and Wood (1995) have suggested, without qualification, that the demand-for-labor curve is more elastic when an economy is open than when it is closed. I demonstrate that...
Preferential Trading and Welfare: The Small-Union Case Revisited
The welfare analyses of preferential trading arrangements have been characterized by generally inconclusive and messy results. In this paper, I attempt to give order to the analysis of one important...
Did the Multi-fiber Agreement Make the NAFTA Politically More Acceptable? A Theoretical Analysis.
Arvind Panagariya, Rupa Dutta Gupta
The central question addressed in this paper is whether the presence of the MFA made the NAFTA politically more acceptable. Assuming that the government maximizes a weighted sum of welfare and...
Trade and Food Security Conceptualizing the Linkages
Traditionally, food security is defined in terms of either food self-sufficiency or food self-reliance. The former requires production of various food items in the quantities consumed domestically...
India in the 1980s: Weak Reforms, Fragile Growth
subliminal extant Smith economagic gmm
Why is there an Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy?
Small economies rarely embrace free trade, a fact that is commonly explained as a consequence of the government's use of trade policy to redistribute income. But why is this redistribution typically...
Miracles and Debacles: In Defense of Trade Openness
The paper argues that without trade openness, there is no sustained growth and that trade is rarely responsible for stagnation or decline in incomes over a long period.
India’s Trade Reform: Progress, Impact and Future Strategy:
I offer a comprehensive analysis of India's trade policy, particularly since 1991, and its impact on the economy. I provide evidence showing that trade liberalization has had a major impact on the...
India in the 1980s and 1990s: A Triumph of Reforms:
Bradford DeLong and Dani Rodrik have argued that reforms in India cannot be credited with higher growth because growth rate had crossed the 5 percent mark in the 1980s, well before the launch of the...
Aid Through Trade: An Effective Option?
I examine the scope for and desirability of the U.S. assistance to the poor countries through three separate trade policy measures: one-way trade preferences as, for example, under the Generalized...
Jagdish Bhagwati, Arvind Panagariya, T. N. Srinivasan
Critics have muddled the public debate over offshore outsourcing by using the term interchangeably to refer to altogether different phenomena such as on-line purchase of services, direct foreign...
The New Regionalism: A Country Perspective
De Melo, Jaime, Panagariya, Arvind, Rodrik, Dani
Regional integration is on the rise again, despite its apparent failure among developing countries in the past. The paper first surveys the ambiguous economics of customs unions. We emphasize that...
A Theoretical Explanation of Some Stylized Facts of Economic Growth.
This paper presents a three-good, two-country, general equilibrium model that is consistent with several styl ized facts of economic growth. The three goods are manufactures, agri culture, and...
Free Trade Areas and Rules of Origin: Economics and Politics
Arvind Panagariya, Rupa Duttagupta
Incorporating intermediate inputs into a small-union general-equilibrium model, this paper first develops the welfare economics of preferential trading under the rules of origin (ROO) and then...
Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy and General Equilibrium
An important question that has continued to elude trade economists is why trade interventions are biased in favor of import-competing rather than exportable sectors. Indeed, as Philip Levy (1999)...
Political-Economy Arguments for a Uniform Tariff
Arvind Panagariya, Dani Rodrik
Uniform tariffs have become increasingly popular in recent years, yet their economic rationale is not strong. We identify and evaluate three sets of reasons as to why governments may prefer tariff...
Regional integration and the environment
PANAGARIYA, ARVIND, SUTHIWART-NARUEPUT, SETHAPUT
This paper explores the interaction between regional integration and the environment in a formal three-country, three-good model which incorporates pollution. Our main findings are: (1) whether...
THE MILLENNIUM ROUND AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: NEGOTIATING STRATEGIES AND AREAS OF BENEFITS
Written prior to the WTO conference in Seattle, this paper identifies negotiating strategies and areas of benefits from a new multilateral round of trade negotiations for developing countries....
Lectures on International Trade, 2nd Edition
Jagdish Bhagwati, Arvind Panagariya, T. N. Srinivasan
The greatest strength of this thoroughly revised and expanded edition of Lectures on International Trade is its rigorous algebraic and geometric treatment of the various models and results of trade...
New Dimensions in Regional Integration
De Melo,Jaime, Panagariya,Arvind
Interest in regional integration has recently revived in both developed and developing countries. The US has responded to the lack of progress in the Uruguay Round of the GATT by pursuing bilateral...
Miracles and debacles revisited
Free trade Growth Developing countries Export-oriented growth Growth miracles Growth debacles
Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy and General Equilibrium
An important question that has continued to elude trade economists is why trade interventions are biased in favor of import-competing rather than exportable sectors. Indeed, as Philip Levy (1999)...