From Grain to Pixel. The Archival Life of Film in Transition (2009)
Film is in a state of rapid change, a transition in which analog (photochemical) film is being gradually replaced by digital film. This transition is evident across media in both the commercial and...
Correlated variability in the blazar 3C 454.3 (2008)
Bonning, E. W., Bailyn, C., Urry, C. M., Buxton, M., Fossati, G., Maraschi, L., ...
The blazar 3C 454.3 was revealed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to be in an exceptionally high flux state in July 2008. Accordingly, we performed a multi-wavelength monitoring campaign on...
Fossati, G., Buckley, J. H., Bond, I. H., Bradbury, S. M., Carter-Lewis, D. A., Chow, Y. C. K., ...
We present a detailed analysis of week-long simultaneous observations of the blazar Mrk 421 at 2-60 keV X-rays (RXTE) and TeV gamma-rays (Whipple and HEGRA) in 2001. Accompanying optical monitoring...
Fossati, G., Buckley, J. H., Bond, I. H., Bradbury, S. M., Carter-Lewis, D. A., Chow, Y. C. K., ...
(Abridged) We present a detailed analysis of week-long simultaneous observations of the blazar Mrk421 at 2-60 keV X-rays (RXTE) and TeV gamma-rays (Whipple and HEGRA) in 2001. The unprecedented...
INTEGRAL observation of flaring activity of Mrk 421 (2006)
Lichti, G. G., Paltani, S., Mowlavi, M., Ajello, M., Collmar, W., Von Kienlin, A., ...
High state of Mkn 421 in the hard X-rays (2006)
Lichti, G. G., Neronov, A., Mowlavi, M., Ajello, M., Beckmann, V., Boisson, C., ...
Coordinated multiwavelength observation of 3C 66A during the WEBT campaign of 2003-2004 (2005)
Bottcher, M., Harvey, J., Joshi, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Bramel, D., ...
The BL Lac object 3C 66A was the target of an extensive multiwavelength monitoring campaign from 2003 July through 2004 April (with a core campaign from 2003 September to 2003 December) involving...
Coordinated multiwavelength observation of 3C 66A during the WEBT campaign of 2003-2004 (2005)
Bottcher, M., Harvey, J., Joshi, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Bramel, D., ...
The BL Lac object 3C 66A was the target of an extensive multiwavelength monitoring campaign from 2003 July through 2004 April (with a core campaign from 2003 September to 2003 December) involving...
Correlation between the TeV and X-ray emission in high--energy peaked BL Lac objects (2004)
Katarzynski, K., Ghisellini, G., Tavecchio, F., Maraschi, L., Fossati, G., Mastichiadis, A.
We discuss the correlation between the evolution of the TeV emission and X-ray radiation observed in high-energy peaked BL Lac objects. We describe such a correlation by a simple power law. In the...
Correlated X-ray and TeV variability in Markarian 421 (2004)
Fossati,G., Buckley,J., Edelson,R.A., Horns,D., Jordan,M.
We present selected results of the March 2001 week-long simultaneous monitoring of the blazar Mkn 421 at 2–60 keV X-rays (with RossiXTE) and TeV -rays (with Whipple and HEGRA). The source shows...
Multiwavelength Observations of Strong Flares From the TeV-Blazar 1ES 1959+650 (2004)
Krawczynski,H., Hughes,S.B., Horan,D., Aharonian,F., Aller,M.F., Aller,H., ...
Following the detection of strong TeV gamma-ray flares from the BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 with the Whipple 10 m Cherenkov telescope on May 16 and 17, 2002, we performed intensive Target of...
Multiwavelength Observations of Strong Flares From the TeV-Blazar 1ES 1959+650 (2004)
Krawczynski, H., Hughes, S.B., Horan, D., Aharonian, F., Aller, M.F., Aller, H., ...
Following the detection of strong TeV gamma-ray flares from the BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 with the Whipple 10 m Cherenkov telescope on May 16 and 17, 2002, we performed intensive Target of...
Correlated X-ray and TeV variability in Markarian 421 (2004)
Fossati, G., Buckley, J., Edelson, R.A., Horns, D., Jordan, M.
We present selected results of the March 2001 week-long simultaneous monitoring of the blazar Mkn 421 at 2–60 keV X-rays (with RossiXTE) and TeV -rays (with Whipple and HEGRA). The source shows...
Multiwavelength Observations of Strong Flares From the TeV-Blazar 1ES 1959+650 (2003)
Krawczynski, H., Hughes, S. B., Horan, D., Aharonian, F., Aller, M. F., Aller, H., ...
Following the detection of strong TeV gamma-ray flares from the BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 with the Whipple 10 m Cherenkov telescope on May 16 and 17, 2002, we performed intensive Target of...
Roberts, M.M., Coker, A.R., Fossati, G., Mascagni, P., Coates, A.R.M., Wood, S.P.
The crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonin 10 (cpn10Mt) has been determined to a resolution of 2.8 Å. Two dome-shaped cpn10Mt heptamers complex through loops at their bases to...
Roberts, M.M, Coker, A.R., Fossati, G., Mascagni, P., Coates, A.R.M., Wood, S.P.
The crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonin 10 (cpn10Mt) has been determined to a resolution of 2.8 A° . Two dome-shaped cpn10Mt heptamers complex through loops at their bases to...
The TB structural genomics consortium: a resource for Mycobacterium tuberculosis biology (2003)
Terwilliger, T.C., Park, M.S., Waldo, G.S., Berendzen, J., Hung, L.W., Kim, C.Y., ...
The TB Structural Genomics Consortium is an organization devoted to encouraging, coordinating, and facilitating the determination and analysis of structures of proteins from Mycobacterium...
Spectral Energy Distributions of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars observed with BeppoSAX (2002)
Tavecchio, F., Maraschi, L., Ghisellini, G., Celotti, A., Chiappetti, L., Comastri, A., ...
We report the BeppoSAX observations of 6 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars. Three of them have a clear detection up to 100 keV with the PDS instrument. For 4 objects the X-ray spectrum is satisfactorily...
A full orbit XMM-Newton observation of PKS 2155-304 (2002)
Maraschi, L., Tavecchio, F., Cagnoni, I., Zhang, Y-H., Chiappetti, L., Treves, A., ...
XMM observed the BL Lac PKS 2155-304 for a full orbit (about 150 ksec) on 2000 November 19-21. Preliminary results on the temporal and spectral analysis of data from the EPIC PN camera and Optical...
Four Years Monitoring of Blazar PKS 2155-304 with BeppoSAX: Probing the Dynamics of the Jet (2002)
Zhang, Y. H., Treves, A., Celotti, A., Chiappetti, L., Fossati, G., Ghisellini, G., ...
PKS 2155--304 is one of the brightest blazars in the X-ray band. It was repeatedly monitored with BeppoSax during three long campaigns of about 2 days each in November of 1996, 1997 and 1999. The...
Ballo, L., Maraschi, L., Tavecchio, F., Celotti, A., Fossati, G., Ghisellini, G., ...
We present the BeppoSAX observations of 3C 279 performed in 1997 January 13-23 simultaneously with gamma-ray pointings with EGRET on board CGRO and optical observations at the Torino Observatory...
Hard X-ray properties of blazars (2001)
Donato, D., Ghisellini, G., Tagliaferri, G., Fossati, G.
We have considered all blazars observed in the X-ray band and for which the slope of the X-ray spectrum is available. We have collected 421 spectra of 268 blazars, including 12 archival unpublished...
Extreme synchrotron BL Lac objects (2001)
Costamante, L., Ghisellini, G., Giommi, P., Tagliaferri, G., Celotti, A., Chiaberge, M., ...
We performed an observational program with the X-ray satellite BeppoSAX to study objects with extreme synchrotron peak frequencies (nu_peak > 1 keV). Of the seven sources observed, four showed peak...
L. Costamante, G. Ghisellini, P. Giommi, G. Tagliaferri, A. Celotti, M. Chiaberge, ...
Abstract. We performed an observational program with the X–ray satellite BeppoSAX, to study objects with extreme synchrotron peak frequencies (νpeak> 1 keV). Of the seven sources observed, five...
Demographics of Blazars (2000)
We discuss the preliminary results of an extensive effort to address the fundamental, and yet un-answered, question that can be trivialized as: ``are there more blue or red blazars?''. This...
Complex Spectral Variability from Intensive Multi-wavelength Monitoring of Mrk421 in 1998 (2000)
Takahashi, T., Kataoka, J., Madejski, G., Mattox, J., Urry, C. M., Wagner, S., ...
We conducted a multi-frequency campaign for the TeV blazar Mrk~421 in 1998 April. The campaign started from a pronounced high amplitude flare recorded by SAX and Whipple; ASCA observation started...
BeppoSAX Observations of Markarian 501 in June 1999 (2000)
Pian, E., Chiappetti, L., Giommi, P., Tavecchio, F., Maraschi, L., Palazzi, E., ...
We present the preliminary results of a long BeppoSAX observation of the BL Lac object Mkn501 carried out in June 1999. The source was fainter than found during the BeppoSAX pointings of 1997 and...
Looking for High Energy Peaked Blazars (2000)
Costamante, L., Ghisellini, G., Celotti, A., Giommi, P., Padovani, P., Tagliaferri, G., ...
Blazars can be classified on the basis of their overall Spectral Energy Distribution (SED). BL Lac objects are usually divided in LBL or HBL (Low or High energy peaked BL Lacs), according to the peak...
Gamma-ray loud quasars: a view with BeppoSAX (2000)
Tavecchio, F., Maraschi, L., Ghisellini, G., Celotti, A., Chiappetti, L., Comastri, A., ...
We present BeppoSAX observations of three gamma-ray emitting quasars, namely 0836+710, 1510-089 and 2230+114. The three objects have been detected up to 100 keV showing extremely flat power-law...
X-ray Emission of Mkn 421: New Clues From Its Spectral Evolution. I. Temporal Analysis (2000)
Fossati, G., Celotti, A., Chiaberge, M., Zhang, Y. H., Chiappetti, L., Ghisellini, G., ...
Mkn 421 was repeatedly observed with BeppoSAX in 1997-1998. This is the first of two papers where we present the results of a thorough temporal and spectral analysis of all the data available to us,...
Fossati, G., Celotti, A., Chiaberge, M., Zhang, Y. H., Chiappetti, L., Ghisellini, G., ...
Mkn 421 was repeatedly observed with BeppoSAX in 1997-1998. The source showed a very rich phenomenology, with remarkable spectral variability. This is the second of two papers presenting the results...
Gamma-loud quasars: a view with BeppoSAX (2000)
Tavecchio, F., Maraschi, L., Ghisellini, G., Celotti, A., Chiappetti, L., Comastri, A., ...
We present $Beppo$SAX observations of the $\gamma $-ray emitting quasars 0836+710, 1510-089 and 2230+114. All the objects have been detected in the PDS up to 100 keV and have extremely flat power-law...
New Extreme Synchrotron BL Lac Objects (2000)
Costamante, L., Ghisellini, G., Giommi, P., Tagliaferri, G., Celotti, A., Chiaberge, M., ...
We report on the BeppoSAX observations of four "extreme" BL Lacs, selected to have high synchrotron peak frequencies. All have been detected also in the PDS band. For 1ES 0120+340, PKS 0548-322 and H...
The concave X-ray spectrum of the blazar ON 231: the signature of intermediate BL Lac objects (1999)
Tagliaferri, G., Ghisellini, G., Giommi, P., Chiappetti, L., Maraschi, L., Celotti, A., ...
ON 231 was observed with BeppoSAX in May and June 1998, following an exceptional optical outburst which occured in April--May. We measured the X-ray spectrum from 0.1 up to 100 keV. In both occasions...
BeppoSAX Observations of Mkn 421: clues on the particle acceleration ? (1999)
Fossati, G., Celotti, A., Chiaberge, M., Zhang, Y. H.
Mkn 421 was repeatedly observed with BeppoSAX in 1997-1998. We present highlights of the results of the thorough temporal and spectral analysis discussed by Fossati et al. (1999) and Maraschi et al....
X-ray Rapid Variability of MKN 421 (1999)
Treves, A., Zhang, Y. H., Tavecchio, F., Celotti, A., Chiappetti, L., Fossati, G., ...
We present a detailed Cross Correlation analysis of the light curves of the X-ray bright BL Lac object Mkn 421 observed with $Beppo$SAX period 1997-1998. Monte Carlo simulations are performed in...
Hour-Scale Multiwavelength Variability in Markarian 421 (1999)
Catanese, M., Bond, I. H., Bradbury, S. M., Breslin, A. C., Buckley, J. H., Burdett, A. M., ...
Markarian 421 was observed for about four days with BeppoSAX and the Whipple Observatory gamma-ray telescope in April 1998. A pronounced, well-defined, flare with hour-scale variability was observed...
The blazar PKS 0528+134: new results from BeppoSAX observations (1999)
Ghisellini, G., Costamante, L., Tagliaferri, G., Maraschi, L., Celotti, A., Fossati, G., ...
BeppoSAX observed 8 times the gamma-ray bright blazar PKS 0528+134 in Feb. and Mar. 1997, during a multiwavelength campaign involving EGRET, onboard CGRO, and ground based telescopes. The source was...
Spectral Evolution of PKS 2155-304 observed with BeppoSAX during an Active Gamma-ray Phase (1999)
Chiappetti, L., Maraschi, L., Tavecchio, F., Celotti, A., Fossati, G., Ghisellini, G., ...
We present the results of BeppoSAX observations of PKS 2155-304 during an intense gamma-ray flare. The source was in a high X-ray state. A temporal analysis of the data reveals a tendency of the...
Correlated variability of Mkn 421 at X-ray and TeV wavelengths on timescales of hours (1999)
Maraschi, L., Fossati, G., Tavecchio, F., Chiappetti, L., Celotti, A., Ghisellini, G., ...
Mkn 421 was observed for about two days with BeppoSAX, prior to and partly overlapping the start of a 1 week continuous exposure with ASCA in April 1998, as part of a world-wide multiwavelength...
Progress in understanding Blazars from BeppoSAX observations (1999)
Maraschi, L., Chiappetti, L., Fossati, G., Pian, E., Tavecchio, F.
Results obtained with BeppoSAX observations of blazars within various collaborative programs are presented. The spectral similarity "paradigm", whereby the spectral energy distributions of blazars...
Correlated variability of Mkn 421 at X-ray and TeV wavelengths on time scales of hours (1999)
Maraschi, L., Fossati, G., Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Celotti, Annalisa
Mkn 421 was observed for about two days with BeppoSAX, prior to and partly overlapping the start of a 1 week continuous exposure with ASCA in April 1998, as part of a world-wide multiwavelength...
We propose a new physical model for the unification of all Blazars. The blazar phenomenology can be accounted for by a sequence in the source power and intensity of the diffuse radiation field...
BeppoSAX Observations of PKS 2155-304 during an active Gamma-ray State (1998)
Maraschi, L., Chiappetti, L., Tavecchio, F., Celotti, A., Fossati, G., Ghisellini, G., ...
PKS 2155-304 was observed with BeppoSAX in November 1997 for 64 ksec (total elapsed time 33.5 hours) and, for the first time, simultaneously in gamma-rays with EGRET on board the Compton Gamma Ray...
A theoretical unifying scheme for gamma-ray bright blazars (1998)
Ghisellini, G., Celotti, A., Fossati, G., Maraschi, L., Comastri, A.
The phenomenology of gamma-ray bright blazars can be accounted for by a sequence in the source power and intensity of the diffuse radiation field surrounding the relativistic jet. Correspondingly,...
The apparency of low energy absorption features in Blazar LECS spectra has been reported during the early phase of the BeppoSAX mission (e.g. by Grandi et al. 1997 for 3C~273 SVP data; Giommi et al....
BeppoSAX Observations of the TeV Blazar Mkn 421 (1998)
Fossati, G., Chiappetti, L., Collaboration, On Behalf Of The "Steep Blazars"
The blazar Mkn 421 has been observed, as part of the AO1 Core Program, five times from 2 to 7 May 1997. In the LECS+MECS energy band the spectrum shows convex curvature, well represented by a broken...
A Unifying View of the Spectral Energy Distributions of Blazars (1998)
Fossati, G., Maraschi, L., Celotti, A., Comastri, A., Ghisellini, G.
We collect data from the radio to the gamma-ray range for three complete samples of blazars: the Slew Survey and the 1Jy samples of BL Lacs and the 2Jy sample of Flat Spectrum Radio-Loud Quasars...
A theoretical unifying scheme for gamma-ray bright blazars (1998)
Ghisellini, Gabriele, Celotti, Annalisa, Fossati, G., Maraschi, L., Comastri, A.
The phenomenology of gamma-ray bright blazars can be accounted for by a sequence in the source power and intensity of the diffuse radiation field surrounding the relativistic jet. Correspondingly,...
BeppoSAX observations of PKS 0528+134 (1997)
Ghisellini, G., Tagliaferri, G., Costamante, L., Maraschi, L., Celotti, A., Fossati, G., ...
We report on the BeppoSAX observations of the gamma-ray blazar PKS 0528+134 performed in Feb and Mar 1997, during a multiwavelength campaign involving EGRET and ground based telescopes. The source...
Average Spectral Energy Distributions of Blazars from Radio to Gamma-Rays (1997)
Fossati, G., Celotti, A., Ghisellini, G., Maraschi, L.
The average Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) of different classes of blazars from the radio to the gamma-ray band are studied adopting a "complete-sample" approach. The SED are globally similar,...
Unifying models for X-ray selected and Radio selected BL Lac Objects (1997)
Fossati, G., Celotti, A., Ghisellini, G., Maraschi, L., Studies, International School For Advanced, SISSA/ISAS, ...
We discuss alternative interpretations of the differences in the Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of BL Lacs found in complete Radio or X-ray surveys. A large body of observations in different...
A new unifying model for X--ray and radio--selected BL Lacs (1996)
Fossati, G., Celotti, A., Ghisellini, G., Maraschi, L.
We discuss alternative interpretations of the differences in the Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of BL Lacs found in complete Radio or X--ray surveys. In order to explain the different...
On the soft X-ray spectra of gamma-loud blazars (1996)
Comastri, A., Fossati, G., Ghisellini, G., Molendi, S.
ROSAT observations of a large sample of bright gamma-ray (E > 100 MeV) blazars are presented. Results of a detailed spectral analysis in the soft $\sim$ 0.1-2.0 keV energy range are discussed in...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonin 10 forms stable tetrameric and heptameric structures (1995)
Fossati, G., Lucietto, P., Giuliani, P., Coates, A. R., Harding, S. E., Cölfen, H., ...
ROSAT Observations of Blazars from a Polarized Radio Selected Sample (1994)
Maraschi, L., Fossati, G., Tagliaferri, G., Treves, A.
We have observed with ROSAT six blazars from the sample of 31 polarized objects constructed by Impey and Tapia (1988). Results of the spectral analysis in the ROSAT band of three objects, PKS...
Fossati, G, Bucknall, R, Edwards, S
Background: Rheumatoid synovial fluid contains both soluble and insoluble immune complexes that can activate infiltrating immune cells such as neutrophils.
Balsari, A., Fossati, G., Taramelli, D., Tona, G., Delia, D., Giardini, R., ...
Killing of autologous melanoma (auto-Me) was obtained with pooled allostimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in 34/42 cases and found not to be due to a cross-reactivity between melanoma and...
Immune Responses to Tumour and Embryo Cells in Patients with Mammary Carcinoma
Porta, G. Della, Canevari, S., Fossati, G.
Cytotoxicity microassays were used to study cellular and humoral responses of patients with breast carcinoma against in vitro cultured target cells of breast carcinomata and of human embryos....