How petty is petty corruption? Evidence from firm survey in Africa (2008)
Recent firm-level surveys suggest that petty corruption is a serious problem for African firms, costing the average firm in many countries between 2.5 and 4.5 percent of sales. However, a minor...
Finance and Income Inequality: Test of Alternative Theories (2007)
George Clarke, Lixin Colin Xu, Heng-fu Zou
Abstract: Although theoretical models make distinct predictions about the relation between financial sector development and income inequality, little empirical research has been conducted to compare...
The increasing participation of foreign banks has... (2007)
George Clarke, Robert Cull, Maria Soledad, Martinez Peria, Susana M. Sánchez, Tamara Burdisso, ...
In recent years, foreign bank participation has increased tremendously in Latin America. While some argue that foreign bank entry will benefit Latin American banking systems by lowering loan and...
2001a, Financial and Legal Constraints to Firm Growth: Does Size Matter? World Bank Mimeo (2007)
Thorsten Beck, Asli Demirgüç-kunt, Vojislav Maksimovic, George Clarke, Simeon Djankov, Luc Laeven
Abstract: Using a unique firm-level survey data base covering 54 countries, we investigate whether different financial, legal and corruption issues firms report as constraints actually affect their...
World Bank Policy, Scott Wallsten, George Clarke, Luke Haggarty, Rosario Kaneshiro, Roger Noll, ...
this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Policy Research Working Papers...
SMEs, Growth and Poverty: Crosscountry Evidence (2005)
Thorsten Beck, Asli Demirguc-kunt, Ross Levine, Maria Carkovic, George Clarke, Simeon Djankov, ...
Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between the relative size of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) sector, economic growth, and poverty alleviation using a new database on the share of...
Wallsten, Scott, Clarke, George, Haggarty, Luke, Kaneshiro, Rosario, Noll, Roger, Shirley, Mary, ...
We construct comprehensive and consistent datasets on telecommunications and electricity regulations in developing countries through extensive surveys of regulators. The database of...
Wallsten, Scott, Clarke, George, Haggarty, Luke, Kaneshiro, Rosario, Noll, Roger, Shirley, Mary, ...
We construct comprehensive and consistent datasets on telecommunications and electricity regulations in developing countries through extensive surveys of regulators. The database of...
Wallsten, Scott, Clarke, George, Haggarty, Luke, Kaneshiro, Rosario, Noll, Roger, Shirley, Mary, ...
We construct comprehensive and consistent datasets on telecommunications and electricity regulations in developing countries through extensive surveys of regulators. The database of...
Wallsten, Scott, Clarke, George, Haggarty, Luke, Kaneshiro, Rosario, Noll, Roger, Shirley, Mary, ...
We construct comprehensive and consistent datasets on telecommunications and electricity regulations in developing countries through extensive surveys of regulators. The database of...
George Clarke, Robert Cull, Maria Soledad, Martinez Peria, Susana M. Sánchez
Poland, over fifty percent of total banking assets are now in foreign-controlled banks. In Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the former Soviet Union progress has been slower, but the trend is the...
George Clarke, Robert Cull, Maria Soledad, Martinez Peria, Susana M. Snchez
In recent years foreign banks have expanded their presence significantly in several developing
Clarke, George, Cull, Robert, Peria, Maria Soledad Martinez, Sánchez, Susana M.
In recent years foreign banks have expanded their presence significantly in several developing economies. In Argentina and Chile in Latin America and in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland in...
New Tools in Comparative Political Economy: The Database of Political Institutions (2001)
Beck, Thorsten, Clarke, George, Groff, Alberto, Keefer, Philip, Walsh, Patrick
This article introduces a large new cross‐country database, the Database of Political Institutions. It covers 177 countries over 21 years, 1975–95. The article presents the intuition,...
New Tools and New Tests in Comparative Political Economy: The Database of (2000)
Thorsten Beck, George Clarke, Alberto Groff, Philip Keefer, Patrick Walsh
This paper’s findings, interpretations, and conclusions are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, or the World Bank,...
New tools and new tests in comparative political economy - the database of political institutions
Beck, Thorsten, Clarke, George, Groff, Alberto, Keefer, Philip, Walsh, Patrick
This paper introduces a large new cross-country database on political institutions: the Database on Political Institutions (DPI). The authors summarize key variables (many of them new), compare this...
Scott Wallsten, George Clarke, Luke Haggarty, Rosario Kaneshiro, Roger Noll, Mary Shirley, ...
We construct comprehensive and consistent datasets on telecommunications and electricity regulations in developing countries through extensive surveys of regulators. The database of...
The welfare effects of private sector participation in Guinea's urban water supply
Clarke, George, Menard, Claude, Zuluaga, Ana Maria
In 1989 the government of Guinea enacted far-reaching reform of its water sector, which had been dominated by a poorly run public agency. The government signed a lease contract for operations and...
A transitory regime : water supply in Conakry, Guinea
Menard, Claude, Clarke, George
Both consumers and the government benefited from reform of the water system in Conakry, Guinea, whose deterioration since independence had become critical by the mid-1980s. Less than 40 percent of...
Finance and income inequality : test of alternative theories
Clarke, George, Xu, Lixin Colin, Zou, Heng-fu
Although theoretical models make distinct predictions about the relationship between financial sector development and income inequality, little empirical research has been conducted to compare their...
Wallsten, Scott, Clarke, George, Haggarty, Luke, Kaneshiro, Rosario, Noll, Roger, Shirley, Mary, ...
Infrastructure industries-including telecommunications, electricity, water, and gas-underwent massive structural changes in the 1990s. During that decade, hundreds of privatization transactions...
Why isn't South Africa growing faster? Microeconomic evidence from a firm survey
George Clarke, James Habyarimana, David Kaplan, Vijaya Ramachandran
The investment levels in South Africa have remained relatively low despite an overall picture of economic stability and good governance. This analysis looks at South Africa's investment climate,...
How petty is petty corruption? Evidence from firm survey in Africa
Recent firm-level surveys suggest that petty corruption is a serious problem for African firms, costing the average firm in many countries between 2.5 and 4.5 percent of sales. However, a minor...