Harlan D. Caldwell

Chlamydia trachomatis cytotoxicity associated with complete and partial cytotoxin genes

Belland, Robert J., Scidmore, Marci A., Crane, Deborah D., Hogan, Daniel M., Whitmire, William, McClarty, Grant, ...

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human bacterial pathogen that infects epithelial cells of the eye and genital tract. Infection can result in trachoma, the leading cause of...

Clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis from the Murine Genital Mucosa Does Not Require Perforin-Mediated Cytolysis or Fas-Mediated Apoptosis

Perry, Linda L., Feilzer, Karen, Hughes, Scott, Caldwell, Harlan D.

The molecular mechanisms of resistance to genital infection with the mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) strain of Chlamydia trachomatis are unknown. A role for major histocompatibility complex class...

Subclinical Chlamydial Infection of the Female Mouse Genital Tract Generates a Potent Protective Immune Response: Implications for Development of Live Attenuated Chlamydial Vaccine Strains

Su, Hua, Messer, Ronald, Whitmire, William, Hughes, Scott, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted disease (STD) for which a vaccine is needed. CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immunity is an important component of protective...

Immunity to Murine Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Tract Reinfection Involves B Cells and CD4+ T Cells but Not CD8+ T Cells

Morrison, Sandra G., Su, Hua, Caldwell, Harlan D., Morrison, Richard P.

CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1) responses are essential for the resolution of a primary Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection; however, elements of the immune response that function in resistance...

Chlamydia pneumoniae Major Outer Membrane Protein Is a Surface-Exposed Antigen That Elicits Antibodies Primarily Directed against Conformation-Dependent Determinants

Wolf, Katerina, Fischer, Elizabeth, Mead, David, Zhong, Guangming, Peeling, Roseanna, Whitmire, Bill, ...

The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis serovariants is known to be an immunodominant surface antigen. Moreover, it is known that the C. trachomatis MOMP elicits antibodies...

Expression of Genes Encoding Th1 Cell-Activating Cytokines and Lymphoid Homing Chemokines by Chlamydia-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Correlates with Protective Immunizing Efficacy

Shaw, Jennifer H., Grund, Vernon R., Durling, Luke, Caldwell, Harlan D.

We studied the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors by the RNase protection assay in chlamydia-pulsed dendritic cells to better understand their potent anti-chlamydial...

Sulfated Polysaccharides and a Synthetic Sulfated Polymer Are Potent Inhibitors of Chlamydia trachomatis Infectivity In Vitro but Lack Protective Efficacy in an In Vivo Murine Model of Chlamydial Genital Tract Infection

Su, Hua, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Heparin, dextran sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, and a sulfated synthetic copolymer of acrylic acid and vinyl alcohol were shown to be potent inhibitors of Chlamydia trachomatis infectivity for...

Neither Interleukin-6 nor Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Required for Clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis from the Murine Genital Tract Epithelium

Perry, Linda L., Feilzer, Karen, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Female mice bearing targeted mutations in the interleukin-6 or inducible nitric oxide synthase locus mounted effective immune responses following vaginal infection with Chlamydia trachomatis....

Chlamydial Infection in Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout Mice

Igietseme, Joseph U., Perry, Linda L., Ananaba, Godwin A., Uriri, Ijindah M., Ojior, Omegbhai O., Kumar, Shantha N., ...

Type 1 CD4+-T-cell-mediated immunity is crucial for the resolution of chlamydial infection of the murine female genital tract. Previous studies demonstrating a correlation between...

Dendritic Cells Pulsed with a Recombinant Chlamydial Major Outer Membrane Protein Antigen Elicit a CD4+ Type 2 Rather than Type 1 Immune Response That Is Not Protective

Shaw, Jennifer, Grund, Vernon, Durling, Luke, Crane, Debbie, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects the oculogenital mucosae. C. trachomatis infection of the eye causes trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness....

Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae Clonal Variants by a Focus-Forming Assay

Gieffers, Jens, Belland, Robert J., Whitmire, William, Ouellette, Scot, Crane, Deborah, Maass, Matthias, ...

Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular prokaryotic human pathogen that causes community-acquired respiratory infection and has been associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular...

Polymorphisms in Chlamydia trachomatis tryptophan synthase genes differentiate between genital and ocular isolates

Caldwell, Harlan D., Wood, Heidi, Crane, Debbie, Bailey, Robin, Jones, Robert B., Mabey, David, ...

We previously reported that laboratory reference strains of Chlamydia trachomatis differing in infection organotropism correlated with inactivating mutations in the pathogen’s tryptophan synthase...

Genomic transcriptional profiling of the developmental cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis

Belland, Robert J., Zhong, Guangming, Crane, Deborah D., Hogan, Daniel, Sturdevant, Daniel, Sharma, Jyotika, ...

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common bacterial pathogens and is the etiological agent of debilitating sexually transmitted and ocular diseases in humans. The organism is an obligate...

Transcriptome analysis of chlamydial growth during IFN-γ-mediated persistence and reactivation

Belland, Robert J., Nelson, David E., Virok, Dezso, Crane, Deborah D., Hogan, Daniel, Sturdevant, Daniel, ...

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligatory intracellular prokaryotic parasite that causes a spectrum of clinically important chronic inflammatory diseases of humans. Persistent infection may play a role...

Antigenic Analysis of the Major Outer Membrane Protein of Chlamydia spp

Caldwell, Harlan D., Schachter, Julius

The major outer membrane proteins (MOMPs) of several Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes (B, D, G, H, and L2) and of the C. psittaci meningopneumonitis strain were purified by preparatory sodium dodecyl...

Studies of the Role of Dermacentor occidentalis in the Transmission of Bovine Chlamydial Abortion 1

Caldwell, Harlan D., Belden, E. Lee

Dermacentor occidentalis nymphal ticks were successfully infected with the agent of bovine chlamydial abortion. Multiplication of the agent was shown to occur during nymphal engorgement, but...

Polymorphisms in the Chlamydia trachomatis Cytotoxin Locus Associated with Ocular and Genital Isolates

Carlson, John H., Hughes, Scott, Hogan, Daniel, Cieplak, Gordon, Sturdevant, Daniel E., McClarty, Grant, ...

Chlamydia trachomatis is a strict human pathogen producing infections that cause medically important chronic inflammatory diseases, such as blinding trachoma and tubal factor infertility. Isolates...

Chlamydial Infection Induces Pathobiotype-Specific Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Epithelial Cells

Virok, Dezso P., Nelson, David E., Whitmire, William M., Crane, Deborah D., Goheen, Morgan M., Caldwell, Harlan D.

Members of the genus Chlamydia are strict obligate intracellular pathogens that exhibit marked differences in host range and tissue tropism despite sharing a remarkable level of genomic synteny....

Bactericidal Activity of First-Choice Antibiotics against Gamma Interferon-Induced Persistent Infection of Human Epithelial Cells by Chlamydia trachomatis

Reveneau, Nathalie, Crane, Deborah D., Fischer, Elizabeth, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for clinically important chronic inflammatory diseases of humans, including trachoma and pelvic inflammatory disease. Persistent infection of mucosal sites may...

Chlamydial IFN-γ immune evasion is linked to host infection tropism

Nelson, David E., Virok, Dezso P., Wood, Heidi, Roshick, Christine, Johnson, Raymond M., Whitmire, William M., ...

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that can exhibit a broad host range in infection tropism despite maintaining near genomic identity. Here, we have investigated the molecular basis for...

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis Oculotropic and Genitotropic Strains†

Carlson, John H., Porcella, Stephen F., McClarty, Grant, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is an important cause of preventable blindness and sexually transmitted disease (STD) in humans. C. trachomatis exists as multiple serovariants that exhibit distinct...

Comparison of Gamma Interferon-Mediated Antichlamydial Defense Mechanisms in Human and Mouse Cells

Roshick, Christine, Wood, Heidi, Caldwell, Harlan D., McClarty, Grant

Gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-induced effector mechanisms have potent antichlamydial activities that are critical to host defense. The most prominent and well-studied effectors are indoleamine...

Inhibition of Chlamydiae by Primary Alcohols Correlates with the Strain-Specific Complement of Plasticity Zone Phospholipase D Genes

Nelson, David E., Crane, Deborah D., Taylor, Lacey D., Dorward, David W., Goheen, Morgan M., Caldwell, Harlan D.

Members of the genus Chlamydia are obligate intracellular pathogens that have a unique biphasic developmental cycle and interactions with host cells. Many genes that dictate host infection tropism...

Chlamydia trachomatis polymorphic membrane protein D is a species-common pan-neutralizing antigen

Crane, Deborah D., Carlson, John H., Fischer, Elizabeth R., Bavoil, Patrik, Hsia, Ru-ching, Tan, Chun, ...

Infections caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis have a marked impact on human health. C. trachomatis serovariants are the leading cause of bacterial sexually...

Chlamydia trachomatis cytotoxicity associated with complete and partial cytotoxin genes

Belland, Robert J., Scidmore, Marci A., Crane, Deborah D., Hogan, Daniel M., Whitmire, William, McClarty, Grant, ...

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human bacterial pathogen that infects epithelial cells of the eye and genital tract. Infection can result in trachoma, the leading cause of...

Clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis from the Murine Genital Mucosa Does Not Require Perforin-Mediated Cytolysis or Fas-Mediated Apoptosis

Perry, Linda L., Feilzer, Karen, Hughes, Scott, Caldwell, Harlan D.

The molecular mechanisms of resistance to genital infection with the mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) strain of Chlamydia trachomatis are unknown. A role for major histocompatibility complex class...

Subclinical Chlamydial Infection of the Female Mouse Genital Tract Generates a Potent Protective Immune Response: Implications for Development of Live Attenuated Chlamydial Vaccine Strains

Su, Hua, Messer, Ronald, Whitmire, William, Hughes, Scott, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted disease (STD) for which a vaccine is needed. CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immunity is an important component of protective...

Immunity to Murine Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Tract Reinfection Involves B Cells and CD4+ T Cells but Not CD8+ T Cells

Morrison, Sandra G., Su, Hua, Caldwell, Harlan D., Morrison, Richard P.

CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1) responses are essential for the resolution of a primary Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection; however, elements of the immune response that function in resistance...

Chlamydia pneumoniae Major Outer Membrane Protein Is a Surface-Exposed Antigen That Elicits Antibodies Primarily Directed against Conformation-Dependent Determinants

Wolf, Katerina, Fischer, Elizabeth, Mead, David, Zhong, Guangming, Peeling, Roseanna, Whitmire, Bill, ...

The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis serovariants is known to be an immunodominant surface antigen. Moreover, it is known that the C. trachomatis MOMP elicits antibodies...

Expression of Genes Encoding Th1 Cell-Activating Cytokines and Lymphoid Homing Chemokines by Chlamydia-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Correlates with Protective Immunizing Efficacy

Shaw, Jennifer H., Grund, Vernon R., Durling, Luke, Caldwell, Harlan D.

We studied the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors by the RNase protection assay in chlamydia-pulsed dendritic cells to better understand their potent anti-chlamydial...

Sulfated Polysaccharides and a Synthetic Sulfated Polymer Are Potent Inhibitors of Chlamydia trachomatis Infectivity In Vitro but Lack Protective Efficacy in an In Vivo Murine Model of Chlamydial Genital Tract Infection

Su, Hua, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Heparin, dextran sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, and a sulfated synthetic copolymer of acrylic acid and vinyl alcohol were shown to be potent inhibitors of Chlamydia trachomatis infectivity for...

Neither Interleukin-6 nor Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Required for Clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis from the Murine Genital Tract Epithelium

Perry, Linda L., Feilzer, Karen, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Female mice bearing targeted mutations in the interleukin-6 or inducible nitric oxide synthase locus mounted effective immune responses following vaginal infection with Chlamydia trachomatis....

Chlamydial Infection in Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout Mice

Igietseme, Joseph U., Perry, Linda L., Ananaba, Godwin A., Uriri, Ijindah M., Ojior, Omegbhai O., Kumar, Shantha N., ...

Type 1 CD4+-T-cell-mediated immunity is crucial for the resolution of chlamydial infection of the murine female genital tract. Previous studies demonstrating a correlation between...

Dendritic Cells Pulsed with a Recombinant Chlamydial Major Outer Membrane Protein Antigen Elicit a CD4+ Type 2 Rather than Type 1 Immune Response That Is Not Protective

Shaw, Jennifer, Grund, Vernon, Durling, Luke, Crane, Debbie, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects the oculogenital mucosae. C. trachomatis infection of the eye causes trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness....

Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae Clonal Variants by a Focus-Forming Assay

Gieffers, Jens, Belland, Robert J., Whitmire, William, Ouellette, Scot, Crane, Deborah, Maass, Matthias, ...

Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular prokaryotic human pathogen that causes community-acquired respiratory infection and has been associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular...

Polymorphisms in Chlamydia trachomatis tryptophan synthase genes differentiate between genital and ocular isolates

Caldwell, Harlan D., Wood, Heidi, Crane, Debbie, Bailey, Robin, Jones, Robert B., Mabey, David, ...

We previously reported that laboratory reference strains of Chlamydia trachomatis differing in infection organotropism correlated with inactivating mutations in the pathogen’s tryptophan synthase...

Genomic transcriptional profiling of the developmental cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis

Belland, Robert J., Zhong, Guangming, Crane, Deborah D., Hogan, Daniel, Sturdevant, Daniel, Sharma, Jyotika, ...

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common bacterial pathogens and is the etiological agent of debilitating sexually transmitted and ocular diseases in humans. The organism is an obligate...

Transcriptome analysis of chlamydial growth during IFN-γ-mediated persistence and reactivation

Belland, Robert J., Nelson, David E., Virok, Dezso, Crane, Deborah D., Hogan, Daniel, Sturdevant, Daniel, ...

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligatory intracellular prokaryotic parasite that causes a spectrum of clinically important chronic inflammatory diseases of humans. Persistent infection may play a role...

Antigenic Analysis of the Major Outer Membrane Protein of Chlamydia spp

Caldwell, Harlan D., Schachter, Julius

The major outer membrane proteins (MOMPs) of several Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes (B, D, G, H, and L2) and of the C. psittaci meningopneumonitis strain were purified by preparatory sodium dodecyl...

Studies of the Role of Dermacentor occidentalis in the Transmission of Bovine Chlamydial Abortion 1

Caldwell, Harlan D., Belden, E. Lee

Dermacentor occidentalis nymphal ticks were successfully infected with the agent of bovine chlamydial abortion. Multiplication of the agent was shown to occur during nymphal engorgement, but...

Polymorphisms in the Chlamydia trachomatis Cytotoxin Locus Associated with Ocular and Genital Isolates

Carlson, John H., Hughes, Scott, Hogan, Daniel, Cieplak, Gordon, Sturdevant, Daniel E., McClarty, Grant, ...

Chlamydia trachomatis is a strict human pathogen producing infections that cause medically important chronic inflammatory diseases, such as blinding trachoma and tubal factor infertility. Isolates...

Chlamydial Infection Induces Pathobiotype-Specific Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Epithelial Cells

Virok, Dezso P., Nelson, David E., Whitmire, William M., Crane, Deborah D., Goheen, Morgan M., Caldwell, Harlan D.

Members of the genus Chlamydia are strict obligate intracellular pathogens that exhibit marked differences in host range and tissue tropism despite sharing a remarkable level of genomic synteny....

Bactericidal Activity of First-Choice Antibiotics against Gamma Interferon-Induced Persistent Infection of Human Epithelial Cells by Chlamydia trachomatis

Reveneau, Nathalie, Crane, Deborah D., Fischer, Elizabeth, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for clinically important chronic inflammatory diseases of humans, including trachoma and pelvic inflammatory disease. Persistent infection of mucosal sites may...

Chlamydial IFN-γ immune evasion is linked to host infection tropism

Nelson, David E., Virok, Dezso P., Wood, Heidi, Roshick, Christine, Johnson, Raymond M., Whitmire, William M., ...

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that can exhibit a broad host range in infection tropism despite maintaining near genomic identity. Here, we have investigated the molecular basis for...

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis Oculotropic and Genitotropic Strains†

Carlson, John H., Porcella, Stephen F., McClarty, Grant, Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is an important cause of preventable blindness and sexually transmitted disease (STD) in humans. C. trachomatis exists as multiple serovariants that exhibit distinct...

Comparison of Gamma Interferon-Mediated Antichlamydial Defense Mechanisms in Human and Mouse Cells

Roshick, Christine, Wood, Heidi, Caldwell, Harlan D., McClarty, Grant

Gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-induced effector mechanisms have potent antichlamydial activities that are critical to host defense. The most prominent and well-studied effectors are indoleamine...

Inhibition of Chlamydiae by Primary Alcohols Correlates with the Strain-Specific Complement of Plasticity Zone Phospholipase D Genes

Nelson, David E., Crane, Deborah D., Taylor, Lacey D., Dorward, David W., Goheen, Morgan M., Caldwell, Harlan D.

Members of the genus Chlamydia are obligate intracellular pathogens that have a unique biphasic developmental cycle and interactions with host cells. Many genes that dictate host infection tropism...

Chlamydia trachomatis polymorphic membrane protein D is a species-common pan-neutralizing antigen

Crane, Deborah D., Carlson, John H., Fischer, Elizabeth R., Bavoil, Patrik, Hsia, Ru-ching, Tan, Chun, ...

Infections caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis have a marked impact on human health. C. trachomatis serovariants are the leading cause of bacterial sexually...

Chlamydia trachomatis Species-Specific Induction of Ezrin Tyrosine Phosphorylation Functions in Pathogen Entry▿

Swanson, Kena A., Crane, Deborah D., Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen of humans that exhibits species-specific biological characteristics in its early interactions with host cells that are likely important to...

Vaccination against Chlamydial Genital Tract Infection after Immunization with Dendritic Cells Pulsed Ex Vivo with Nonviable Chlamydiae

Su, Hua, Messer, Ronald, Whitmire, William, Fischer, Elizabeth, Portis, John C., Caldwell, Harlan D.

Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen of mucosal surfaces, is a major cause of preventable blindness and sexually transmitted diseases for which vaccines are badly...

The Chlamydia trachomatis Plasmid Is a Transcriptional Regulator of Chromosomal Genes and a Virulence Factor▿ †

Carlson, John H., Whitmire, William M., Crane, Deborah D., Wicke, Luke, Virtaneva, Kimmo, Sturdevant, Daniel E., ...

Chlamydia trachomatis possesses a cryptic 7.5-kb plasmid of unknown function. Here, we describe a comprehensive molecular and biological characterization of the naturally occurring plasmidless human...

Chlamydia trachomatis Polymorphic Membrane Protein D Is an Oligomeric Autotransporter with a Higher-Order Structure▿

Swanson, Kena A., Taylor, Lacey D., Frank, Shaun D., Sturdevant, Gail L., Fischer, Elizabeth R., Carlson, John H., ...

Chlamydia trachomatis is a globally important obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that is a leading cause of sexually transmitted disease and blinding trachoma. Effective control of these...