Implementation and imbalance: dealing with hangover from the Uruguay Round (2007)
The Uruguay Round agreements impose bound obligations to implement, but provide only unbound promises of assistance—is there a legal solution within the WTO legal system, i.e. can implementation...
Antidumping: Prospects for Discipline from the Doha Negotiations (2005)
Finger, J. Michael, Zlate, Andrei
Maintaining an economically sensible trade policy is often a matter of managing pressures for exceptions â" for protection for a particular industry. Good policy becomes a matter of managing...
DUMPING AND ANTIDUMPING: THE RHETORIC AND THE REALITY OF PROTECTION IN INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES (1992)
A wide gap separates the rhetoric from the reality of protection in industrial countries. Antidumping is the current reality of that protection. Protectionist interests stretch the definition of...
International Control of Subsidies and Countervailing Duties (1987)
Finger, J. Michael, Nogués, Julio
The range and number of cases of administered protection in the 1980s suggests that it has begun to play an important role in shaping international trade flows. As most of such cases are brought by...
Economists, institutions, and trade restrictions : a review article
A review article on the work of"practitioners of contemporary economic analysis of trade restrictions", this report focuses on three questions : a) are there holes in the case of free trade? B) Why...
Antidumping: Prospects for Discipline from the Doha Negotiations
J. Michael Finger, Andrei Zlate
Maintaining an economically sensible trade policy is often a matter of managing pressures for exceptions – for protection for a particular industry. Good policy becomes a matter of managing...
The GATT as international discipline over trade restrictions : a public choice approach
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was built on a mercantilist sense of economic welfare and a mercantilist sense that domestic producers had a higher claim than foreign producers to...
Can competition policy control"301"?
Finger, J. Michael, Fung, K.C.
Should fair trade rules be replaced by national or international competition rules? A familiar argument for doing so is that more rigorously enforced competition standards might eliminate the basis...
Will GATT enforcement control antidumping?
Finger, J. Michael, Fung, K.C.
The authors try to gauge why the GATT dispute settlement process has, to date, been so ineffective in disciplining the use of antidumping measures. Focusing on the five cases in which panels have...
A rock and a hard place : the two faces of U.S. trade policy toward Korea
U.S. trade policy since the 1980s has been quite different from trade policy in the first two or three decades after World War II. Until the 1970s, U.S.trade policy was dominated by systematic...
Realizing that trade liberalization would require periodic adjustments because of problems in particular industries, GATT's framers provided that tariff reductions that led to such problems could be...
Market access advances and retreats : the Uruguay Round and beyond
Finger, J. Michael, Schuknecht, Ludger
In the Uruguay Round negotiations, trade distorting agricultural policies were taken up substantively for the first time in any round of multi-lateral trade negotiations. Voluntary export restraints...
Market access bargaining in the Uruguay Round - Rigid or relaxed reciprocity?
Finger, J. Michael, Reincke, Ulrich, Castro, Adriana
How tightly are trade negotiators held to winning a dollar of concession for each dollar of concession granted? The outcome of the Uruguay Round tariff negotiations suggests that such constraints...
Antidumping as safeguard policy
Finger,J. Michael, Francis Ng, Wangchuk, Sonam
Antidumping is by far the most prevalent instrument applied by countries to impose new import restrictions. In the 1980s antidumping was used mainly by a handful of industrial countries. More...
The unbalanced Ururguay Round outcome : the new areas in future WTO negotiations
Finger, J. Michael, Nogues, Julio J.
The Uruguay Round involved a grand North-South bargain: The North reduced import barriers, particularly in textiles and agriculture. The South adopted new domestic regulations in such areas as...
Poor people's knowledge : helping poor people to earn from their knowledge
How can we help poor people to earn more from their knowledge rather than from their sweat and muscle? This paper draws lessons from projects intended to promote and protect the innovation,...
Implementing a WTO agreement on trade facilitation : what makes sense ?
Finger, J. Michael, Wilson, John S.
Contrary to the prevailing view that the Doha negotiations have achieved little, the authors find that on trade facilitation much progress has been made. This is particularly true in regard to action...
Policing unfair imports : the U.S. example
Finger, J. Michael, Murray, Tracy
This paper researched the numbers on U.S. import cases to find out how the Unites States uses antidumping and countervailing duty actions to regulate imports. It describes the procedures followed by...
The meaning of"unfair"in US import policy
This paper concludes that transparency, openness, and objectivity, are important parts of the American ideal of rule of law. Yet these procedural refinements seem to contribute more to the problem...
The origins and evolution of antidumping regulation
Antidumping has about it the aura of a special measure to undo a special problem. Within this view, the explosion of antidumping actions in the 1980s was simply a good thing carried too far: the...
A diplomat's economics: reciprocity in the Uruguay Round negotiations
A diplomat s jurisprudence, as Bob Hudec characterized the early GATT legal system, was a compromise between jurisprudence as understood by lawyers and the reality of the limited influence trade...
IMPLEMENTING A TRADE FACILITATION AGREEMENT IN THE WTO: WHAT MAKES SENSE?
J.Michael Finger, JohnS. Wilson
In the Doha Round, trade facilitation is the negotiating issue in which the 'implementation issue' is most prominent. At the WTO (the Doha Development Agenda) the international community has...
Implementing the Uruguay Round Agreements: Problems for Developing Countries
Unilateral removal of trade restrictions is good economics, but it is often bad domestic politics. GATT negotiations for 50 years provided a mechanism to overcome this political incorrectness. The...
The Unbalanced Uruguay Round Outcome: The New Areas in Future WTO Negotiations
J. Michael Finger, Julio J. Nogués
The Uruguay Round involved a grand North-South bargain: The North reduced import barriers, particularly in textiles and agriculture. The South adopted new domestic regulations in such areas as...
Safeguards and antidumping in Latin American trade liberalization
Finger, J. Michael, Nogues, Julio J.
The binding of tariff rates and adoption of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization-sanctioned safeguards and antidumping mechanisms provided the basis to remove a...
Developing Countries in the WTO System: Applying Robert Hudec's Analysis to the Doha Round
In his 1987 Developing Countries in the GATT System, Robert Hudec concluded that the identity of developing countries in the GATT system was primarily a matter of their demanding non-reciprocal and...
The MFA Paradox: More Protection and More Trade?
J. Michael Finger, Ann Harrison
The textile industry's political power stemmed from its importance in southern states plus the power of the Southern delegation in the U.S. Congress in the 1960s. The strongest resistance to the...
A special safeguard mechanism for agricultural imports and the management of reform
The record of traditional safeguard provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization provides useful information about how a special agricultural safeguard...