McKenzie, David, Martinez, Pilar Garcia, Winters, L. Alan
New Zealand’s new Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) program allows workers from the Pacific Islands to come to New Zealand for up to seven months to work in the horticulture and viticulture...
McKenzie, David, Martinez, Pilar Garcia, Winters, L. Alan
New Zealand’s new Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) program allows workers from the Pacific Islands to come to New Zealand for up to seven months to work in the horticulture and viticulture...
Trade Liberalisation and Poverty (2007)
This paper is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DfID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DfID....
Trade, Trade Policy and Poverty: (2007)
Framework For Collecting, L Alan Winters
This paper is part of a background study on 'Trade, Technology and Poverty' prepared for the World Bank's World Development Report 2000/1. I am grateful to the UK Department for...
I am grateful to two anonymous referees for advice on the structure of this paper and to
Maurice Schiff, L. Alan Winters
encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the...
26/Feb/03 Economic Integration in the Americas: European Perspectives (2007)
Economic Integration In, Anthony J. Venables, L. Alan Winters
This paper draws out some of the main messages from the European experience of integration. We look at both the political and institutional development of the European Union, and at its economic...
Coherence between the WTO and the Bretton Woods Institutions (a formal WTO objective) has achieved some minor goals but has been expensive in terms of direct costs and inefficiencies in policy-making...
Trade shocks and industrial location : the impact of EEC accession on the UK (2006)
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L. Alan
This paper combines establishment level production data with international trade data by port to examine the impact of accession to the EEC on the spatial distribution of UK manufacturing. We use...
Trade shocks and industrial location : the impact of EEC accession on the UK (2006)
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L. Alan
This paper combines establishment level production data with international trade data by port to examine the impact of accession to the EEC on the spatial distribution of UK manufacturing. We use...
Trade shocks and industrial location : the impact of EEC accession on the UK (2006)
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L. Alan
This paper combines establishment level production data with international trade data by port to examine the impact of accession to the EEC on the spatial distribution of UK manufacturing. We use...
The geography of UK international trade (2005)
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L. Alan
This paper examines how the geography of UK international trade has changed since the UK’s accession to the European Economic Community using a newly constructed data set that gives a detailed...
The geography of UK international trade (2005)
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L. Alan
This paper examines how the geography of UK international trade has changed since the UK’s accession to the European Economic Community using a newly constructed data set that gives a detailed...
The geography of UK international trade (2005)
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L. Alan
This paper examines how the geography of UK international trade has changed since the UK’s accession to the European Economic Community using a newly constructed data set that gives a detailed...
The port geography of UK international trade (2005)
Overman, Henry, Winters, L Alan
This paper examines how the geography of UK international trade has changed since the United Kingdom’s accession to the European Economic Community, using a newly constructed dataset that gives a...
The European agricultural trade policies and poverty (2005)
This paper tries to estimate the effects of reforming European agricultural trade policy on poverty in Europe and in the developing world. After setting out a conceptual framework linking trade and...
Is the medical brain drain beneficial? Evidence from overseas doctors in the UK (2004)
Kangasniemi, Mari, Winters, L. Alan, Commander, Simon
The ¿beneficial brain drain¿ hypothesis suggests that skilled migration can be good for a sending country because the incentives it creates for training increase that country¿s supply of skilled...
Is the medical brain drain beneficial? Evidence from overseas doctors in the UK (2004)
Kangasniemi, Mari, Winters, L. Alan, Commander, Simon
The ¿beneficial brain drain¿ hypothesis suggests that skilled migration can be good for a sending country because the incentives it creates for training increase that country¿s supply of skilled...
The geography of UK international trade (2004)
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L. Alan
This paper examines how the geography of UK international trade has changed since the UK¿s accession to the European Economic Community using a newly constructed data set that gives a detailed...
The geography of UK international trade (2004)
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L. Alan
This paper examines how the geography of UK international trade has changed since the UK¿s accession to the European Economic Community using a newly constructed data set that gives a detailed...
The sequencing of regional trade initiatives in Europe and East Asia, with (2004)
Simon J. Evenett, Anthony J. Venables, L. Alan Winters
The latest wave of international market integration has seen a proliferation of bilateral and regional trading arrangements at the same time as the multilateral trading system has struggled to expand...
Integración regional y desarrollo (2004)
Schiff, Maurice, Winters, L. Alan
Traducción de: Regional Integration and Development
Dynamics and Politics in Regional Integration Arrangements: An Introduction (1998)
Schiff, Maurice, Winters, L. Alan
Overwhelming evidence links openness and economic growth. In recent years many developing countries have attempted to liberalize their trade and investment regimes, mostly through autonomous...
Regional Integration as Diplomacy (1998)
Schiff, Maurice, Winters, L. Alan
Regional integration agreements are examples of second-best policies and have an ambiguous impact on welfare. This article builds a model in which regional integration agreements unambiguously raise...
REGIONALISM AND THE REST OF THE WORLD: THE IRRELEVANCE OF THE KEMP-WAN THEOREM (1997)
Many commentators purport to use the Kemp-Wan Theorem to discuss the effects of regional integration schemes on non-member countries, and to operationalize the theorem in terms of the share of member...
Papers from a joint conference held by the Centre for Economic Policy Research and the OECD Development Centre in Paris in April 1991
WHO WINS AND WHO LOSES FROM VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINTS?:The Case of Footwear (1992)
Hamilton, Carl B., Melo, Jaime De, Winters, L. Alan
Voluntary export restraints have been a popular resort of industrial countries faced with increasing competition from exports of developing countries. As a strategy for circumventing the rules of the...
Voluntary Export Restraints and Resource Allocation in Exporting Countries (1990)
De Melo, Jaime, Winters, L. Alan
This article analyzes the resource implications of voluntary export restraints (VERs) for exporting countries. A simple analytical method is used to demonstrate that, by reducing the marginal revenue...
Les objectifs dits "non économiques" du soutien à l'agriculture (1989)
Le soutien à l'agriculture coûte chaque année aux pays de l'OCDE 72 milliards de dollars EU. Toutefois, on prétend fréquemment qu'il ne s'agit pas d'un gaspillage mais plutôt du juste prix à...
Les conséquences économiques de l'aide à l'agriculture: vue d'ensemble (1987)
Quels sont les effets des politiques agricoles des pays de l'OCDE sur le bien-être économique de ces pays? L'article commence par définir un cadre conceptuel pour l'évaluation de l'incidence des...
The political economy of the agricultural policy of industrial countries (1987)
The agricultural policies of industrial countries bring financial strain to their economic welfare. This paper argues that the problem results from the conflict between social attitudes which abhor...
The Extent of Nontariff Barriers to Industrial Countries' Imports (1986)
Nogués, Julio. J., Olechowski, Andrzej, Winters, L. Alan
This article examines the extent of nontariff barriers (NTBS) to the visible imports of sixteen industrial countries. It user three alternative measures to show that governmental commodity-specific...
BRITISH IMPORTS OF MANUFACTURES AND THE COMMON MARKET (1984)
This paper assesses the impact of Britain's accession to the EEC on her imports of manufactures. It argues that account must be taken of the substitutability of imports for home production, and that...
The Liberalization of European Steel Trade
This paper constructs a simple model of the steel sector in Europe distinguishing eight West and two East European regions. It models the production of steel and also the various trade restrictions...
Who Should Run Trade Policy in Eastern Europe and How?
This paper discusses the design of appropriate institutions for trade policy-making in Central and Eastern Europe. Drawing on US and EU experience it argues that legislatures should set the broad...
Regional integration and the prices of imports : an empirical investigation
The authors explore the effects on the terms of trade of regional economic integration. They show why it is an appropriate measure of the welfare effects of such integration, comparing it with the...
Poverty impacts of a WTO agreement : synthesis and overview
Hertel, Thomas W., Winters, L. Alan
This paper reports on the findings from a major international research project investigating the poverty impacts of a potential Doha Development Agenda (DDA). It combines in a novel way the results...
Britain in Europe: A Survey of Quantitative Trade Studies
This paper surveys four ex-post quantitative studies of the effect of United Kingdom accession to the EC on trade in manufactures. It starts by discussing the principal predictions of economic...
Industrial Countries' Agricultural Policy: How, What and Why?
Industrial countries' agricultural policies involve extensive intervention in both domestic markets and international trade. This paper sketches some of the techniques of intervention commonly used...
Patterns of World Trade in Manufactures: Does Trade Policy Matter?
This paper surveys the broad patterns of world trade in manufactures since about 1960. While the bulk of manufactured exports came initially from relatively few large industrial countries, developing...
Completing the European Internal Market: Some Notes on Trade Policy
This paper examines international trade policy within a completed European internal market. The Ethier-Horn argument for internal tariffs in a customs union is shown to be inapplicable to most of the...
Voluntary Export Restraints: UK Restrictions on Imports of Leather Footwear from Eastern Europe
L Alan Winters, Paul A Brenton
A prominent feature of international trading relations since 1970 has been the spread of quantitative restrictions on imports. This paper describes initial work to quantify and assess the economic...
The National Security Argument for Agricultural Protection
Agricultural support is often advocated as a means to national security. This is misguided. At current levels of consumption there is considerable scope for substitution away from food without...
Transport costs and"natural"integration in Mercosur
Amjadi, Azita, Winters, L. Alan
The authors explore the argument that trade between the Mercosur countries should be stimulated by preferential policies because of their geographic proximity. That is, that the Mercosur countries...
Voluntary export restraints and resource allocation in exporting countries
De Melo, Jaime, Winters, L. Alan
Most literature on voluntary export restraints ( VERs ) analyzes the welfare costs of VERs to consumers in the importing country. The authors propose a method for measuring the effects of a VER on...
Redefining government's role in agriculture in the nineties
Nash, John, Knudsen, Odin, Bovard, James, Gardner, Bruce, Winters, L. Alan
The authors argue that government policies in agriculture have been costly and misdirected worldwide. For them, this inefficiency need not continue. The Urugauy Round is an ideal opportunity for...
Regionalism versus multilateralism
The author focuses on whether regionalism sets up forces that encourage or discourage evolution toward globally free trade. Although models can be built suggesting either conclusion, these models are...
The European agricultural trade policies and poverty
This paper tries to estimate the effects of reforming European agricultural trade policy on poverty in Europe and in the developing world. After setting out a conceptual framework linking trade and...
The Effects of Voluntary Export Restraints on the Prices of UK Imports of Footwear
Voluntary export restraints allow exporters to increase the prices they charge importers for supplying goods. This paper quantifies this effect for the UK restrictions on imports of footwear imposed...
Quantifying international migration : a database of bilateral migrant stocks
Parsons, Christopher R., Skeldon, Ronald, Walmsley, Terrie L., Winters, L. Alan
This paper introduces four versions of an international bilateral migration stock database for 226 by 226 countries and territories. The first three versions each consist of two matrices, the first...
Distributional effects of WTO agricultural reforms in rich and poor countries
Thomas W. Hertel, Roman Keeney, Maros Ivanic, L. Alan Winters
"Rich countries' agricultural trade policies are the battleground on which the future of the WTO's troubled Doha Round will be determined. Subject to widespread criticism, they nonetheless appear to...
How Regional Blocs Affect Excluded Countries: The Price Effects of MERCOSUR
The welfare effects of PTAs are most directly linked to changes in trade prices, i.e., the terms of trade. This paper employs a simple strategic pricing game in segmented markets to measure the...
Must Skilled Migration Be a Brain Drain? Evidence from the Indian Software Industry
Commander, Simon, Chanda, Rupa, Kangasniemi, Mari, Winters, L. Alan
We provide a first empirical attempt at understanding the scale and type of skilled migration from the Indian software sector and the consequences for firms experiencing loss of skilled workers. The...
Trade and Economic Geography: The Impact of EEC Accession on the UK
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L Alan
This paper combines establishment level production data with international trade data by port to examine the impact of accession to the EEC on the spatial distribution of UK manufacturing. We use...
Regional integration as diplomacy
Schiff, Maurice, Winters, L. Alan
Regional integration agreements (RIAs) are examples of second best and have an ambiguous impact on welfare, contend the authors. They build a model in which RIAs unambiguously raise welfare by...
Africa's role in multilateral trade negotiations
Zhen Kun Wang, Winters, L. Alan
Openness and liberal trade policies are associated with higher exports and economic growth. Sub-Saharan African countries are mostly still relatively closed, and one of their top priorities should be...
How has regionalism in the 1990s affected trade?
Soloaga, Isidro, Winters, L. Alan
The authors apply a gravity model to data on annual non-fuel imports for 58 countries for the years 1980-96, to quantify the effects on trade of recently created or revamped preferential trade...
How regional blocs affect excluded countries - the price effects of MERCOSUR
The welfare effects of preferential trading agreements, are most directly linked to changes in trade prices - that is, the terms of trade. The authors use a simple strategic pricing game in segmented...
Price and quality effects of VERs - revisited : a case study of Korean footwear exports
De Melo, Jaime, Winters, L. Alan
The application of index numbers to disaggregated Korean footwear exports during 1974-85 suggests that binding voluntary export restraints (VERs) led to significant price increases but not to the...
Regional cooperation, and the role of international organizations and regional integration
Schiff, Maurice, Winters, L. Alan
The authors examine regional cooperation among neighboring countries in the area of regional public goods. These public goods include water basins (such as lakes, rivers, and underground water),...
Hoekman, Bernard, Michalopoulos, Constantine, Winters, L. Alan
The authors discuss options that could be considered in the World Trade Organization (WTO) to provide more favorable treatment-so-called special and differential treatment (SDT)-to small and...
Do exporters gain from voluntary export restraints?
De Melo, Jaime, Winters, L. Alan
Most literature suggests that voluntary export restraints (VER) are not very harmful for the exporting country. This paper argues that this view is misconceived. Most work has focused on the welfare...
Trade and employment : stylized facts and research findings
The substantial literature investigating the links between trade, trade policy, and labor market outcomes-both returns to labor and employment-has generated a number of stylized facts, but many open...
Is the Medical Brain Drain Beneficial? Evidence from Overseas Doctors in the UK
Simon Commander, Mari Kangasniemi, L. Alan Winters
The ¿beneficial brain drain¿ hypothesis suggests that skilled migration can be good for a sending countrybecause the incentives it creates for training increase that country¿s supply of skilled...
Distributional effects of WTO agricultural reforms in rich and poor countries
Hertel, Thomas W., Keeney, Roman, Ivanic, Maros, Winters, L. Alan
Rich countries'agricultural trade policies are the battleground on which the future of the WTO's troubled Doha Round will be determined. Subject to widespread criticism, they nonetheless appear to be...
Trade Liberalisation and Economic Performance: An Overview
This paper surveys the recent literature on trade liberalisation and economic growth. While there are serious methodological challenges and disagreements about the strength of the evidence, the most...
VERs and Expectations: Extensions and Evidence.
This paper analyzes the effects of an expected future voluntary export restraint on the level of firms' current exports to a market. The traditional result that current exports increase is shown to...
The Brain Drain: A Review of Theory and Facts
Simon Commander, Mari Kangasniemi, L. Alan Winters
Skilled migration has increased in recent years, often stimulated by the explicit use of targeted visa programmes by developed countries. This paper examines the available analytical and empirical...
Models of Primary Price Indices.
Equations are estimated to explain and predict the price indices for three b road groups of primary commodities. The questions of principal intere st are the effect of economic activity on prices and...
Estimating the Poverty Impacts of a Prospective Doha Development Agenda
Thomas W. Hertel, L. Alan Winters
This paper summarises the findings from a major international research project on the poverty impacts of a potential Doha Development Agenda. It draws on an intensive analysis of the DDA Framework...
What Role for the EPAs in the Caribbean?
Michael Gasiorek, L. Alan Winters
The aim of this paper is to consider the possible implications of an EPA between the EU and the Caribbean. The focus is on the Caribbean economies, and on the question of what form of EPA might be...
Liberalising Temporary Movement of Natural Persons: An Agenda for the Development Round
L. Alan Winters, Terrie L. Walmsley, Zhen Kun Wang, Roman Grynberg
Trade Liberalisation and Poverty: What are the Links?
This paper asks whether a developing country's own trade liberalisation could translate into increased poverty, and what information would be required to identify whether it will do so. It plots the...
Simon Commander, Rupa Chanda, Mari Kangasniemi, L. Alan Winters
The Indian software industry is a prime example of globalisation. The industry has been characterised by large cross-border mobility of its skilled labour force. Using a unique survey of Indian...
Who is coming from Vanuatu to New Zealand under the new Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Program?
David McKenzie, Pilar Garcia Martinez, L. Alan Winters
New Zealand’s new Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) program allows workers from the Pacific Islands to come to New Zealand for up to seven months to work in the horticulture and viticulture...
The Challenge of Reducing International Trade and Migration Barriers
Anderson, Kym, Winters, L Alan
While barriers to trade in most goods and some services including capital flows have been reduced considerably over the past two decades, many remain. Such policies harm most the economies imposing...
Quantifying the Economic Effects of Non-tariff Barriers: The Case of UK Footwear.
This paper quantifies the economic effects of nontariff barriers on U.K. footwear imports. The extent to which the various voluntary export restraints and a quota on imports from Eastern European...
Regionalism and the Rest of the World: Theory and Estimates of the Effects of European Integration.
There are no satisfactory ex post estimates of the effects of regional integration on excluded countries' welfare. Using a formal decomposition of welfare, this paper discusses the factors that might...
Controlling Greenhouse Gases: A Survey of Global Macroeconomic Studies.
Clarke, Rosemary, Boero, Gianna, Winters, L Alan
A conceptual framework which identifies the main determinants of the macroeconomic costs of abating greenhouse gases is developed. This is used to survey long-term quantitative studies of abatement,...
Trade Liberalization and Poverty: The Evidence So Far
L. Alan Winters, Neil McCulloch, Andrew McKay
This paper assesses the current state of evidence on the impact of trade policy reform on poverty in developing countries. There is little empirical evidence addressing this question directly, but a...
The Brain Drain: Curse or Boon?
Commander, Simon, Kangasniemi, Mari, Winters, L. Alan
The migration of skilled individuals from developing countries has typically been considered to be costly for the sending country, due to lost investments in education, high fiscal costs and labour...
Non-tariff Barriers and Rationing: UK Footwear Imports
Brenton, Paul, Winters, L Alan
The imposition of a quantitative restriction on imports implies that someone somewhere is quantity-rationed. If prices rise to cut demand back to the constraint level, suppliers are rationed; if not,...
Trade Shocks and Industrial Location: the Impact of EEC Accession on the UK
Henry G. Overman, L. Alan Winters
This paper combines detailed production data (from the ARD) with international trade data by port to examine theimpact of accession to the EEC on the location of UK manufacturing. The paper has two...
The Geography of UK International Trade
Henry G. Overman, L. Alan Winters
This paper examines how the geography of UK international trade has changed since the UK¿s accession tothe European Economic Community using a newly constructed data set that gives a detailed...
Britain in Europe: A Survey of Quantitative Trade Studies
This paper surveys four ex-post quantitative studies of the effect of United Kingdom accession to the European Economic Countries on trade in manufactures. It starts by discussing the principal...
Industrial Countries' Agricultural Policy: How, What and Why?
Industrial countries' agricultural policies involve extensive intervention in both domestic markets and international trade. This paper sketches some of the techniques of intervention commonly used...
Patterns of World Trade in Manufactures: Does Trade Policy Matter?
This paper surveys the broad patterns of world trade in manufactures since about 1960. While the bulk of manufactured exports came initially from relatively few large industrial countries, developing...
Completing the European Internal Market: Some Notes on Trade Policy
This paper examines international trade policy within a completed European internal market. The Ethier-Horn argument for internal tariffs in a customs union is shown to be inapplicable to most of the...
Voluntary Export Restraints: UK Restrictions on Imports of Leather Footwear from Eastern Europe
Brenton, Paul, Winters, L Alan
A prominent feature of international trading relations since 1970 has been the spread of quantitative restrictions on imports. This paper describes initial work to quantify and assess the economic...
The National Security Argument for Agricultural Protection
Agricultural support is often advocated as a means to national security. This is misguided. At current levels of consumption there is considerable scope for substitution away from food without...
The Effects of Voluntary Export Restraints on the Prices of UK Imports of Footwear
Voluntary export restraints allow exporters to increase the prices they charge importers for supplying goods. This paper quantifies this effect for the UK restrictions on imports of footwear imposed...
Labour Adjustment Costs and British Footwear Protection
Import protection is frequently advocated as a means of preserving jobs and avoiding labour adjustment costs. Defining adjustment costs in terms of output forgone during the process of adjustment and...
De Melo, Jaime, Winters, L Alan
Previous literature has concentrated on the rent transfer accruing to exporting countries when a VER is binding. This paper studies the efficiency and distributional effects arising when VERs force...
Import Surveillance as a Strategic Trade Policy
The EC policy of import surveillance entails the public announcement that henceforth the Commission will collect detailed statistics on particular import flows. The imposition of surveillance, it is...
The Trading Potential of Eastern Europe
Wang, Zhen Kun, Winters, L Alan
This paper fits a gravity model to the trade of 76 market economies. It then applies the model to data on East European economies to estimate what their trading potential might have been, had behaved...
European Trade and Welfare after `1992'
This paper reviews estimates of the effects of `1992' on international trade and welfare, and the policy implications of those estimates. It surveys earlier research starting with the Cecchini Report...
Integration, Trade Policy and European Footwear Trade
This paper constructs a simulation model of the EC footwear market with which to consider the effects of EC trade policies. It examines the Southern enlargement of the EC, the quotas imposed on...
Estimates of Bilateral Trade Elasticities and Their Implications for the Modelling of `1992'
Brenton, Paul, Winters, L Alan
In this paper we use detailed trade and production data and a theoretically consistent model of demand - the Almost Ideal Demand System - to estimate bilateral trade elasticities, the key parameters...
Liberalizing EC Imports of Footwear from Eastern Europe
Wang, Zhen Kun, Winters, L Alan
We present a simple computable model of EC footwear production and trade coupled with a rudimentary production model for Eastern Europe. We simulate the liberalization of EC footwear imports from...
EC Imports from Eastern Europe: Iron and Steel
Wang, Zhen Kun, Winters, L Alan
This paper uses a schematic computable model of the iron and steel sectors in the European Community (EC) and Eastern Europe to explore the effects of trade policies on those sectors. In particular...
The EC and World Protectionism: Dimensions of the Political Economy
This paper appraises the arguments that the creation of the EC has increased world protectionism relative to what it would otherwise have been. Models of tariff bargaining between trade blocs suggest...
Regionalism and the Rest of the World: The Irrelevance of the Kemp-Wan Theorem
Many commentators purport to use the Kemp-Wan Theorem to discuss the effects of regional integration schemes on non-member countries, and to operationalize the theorem in terms of the share of member...
Deepening of Regional Integration and Multilateral Trade Agreements
Bond, Eric W, Syropoulos, Costas, Winters, L Alan
We consider a simple three-country, multi-commodity trade model in which two custom union members that have successfully coordinated their external tariff policies are in the process of deepening the...
Regionalism versus Multilateralism
This paper examines the theoretical arguments and historical evidence about whether regionalism undermines the multilateral trading system. It first considers how to define multilateralism and then...
Regional Integration as Diplomacy
Schiff, Maurice, Winters, L Alan
Security threats have moved neighbouring countries to form regional integration arrangements (RIAs), including the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC, 1951), the EEC (1957), and various RIAs...
How Regional Blocs Affect Excluded Countries: The Price Effects of MERCOSUR
The welfare effects of PTAs are most directly linked to changes in trade prices, i.e., the terms of trade. This paper employs a simple strategic pricing game in segmented markets to measure the...
Regionalism in the Nineties: What Effect on Trade?
Soloaga, Isidro, Winters, L Alan
The paper applies a gravity model to 1980-1996 annual non-fuel imports data for 58 countries to quantify the effects of recently created or revamped PTAs on trade. We modify the usual gravity...
Olarreaga, Marcelo, Soloaga, Isidro, Winters, L Alan
The theoretical literature follows two different approaches to explain the endogenous formation of a Customs Union (CU). The first one explains CU formation through the willingness of integrating...
Trade, Trade Policy and Poverty: What Are The Links?
This paper traces the links from trade shocks to poverty in developing countries. It considers the determinants of household and individual welfare (including potential differences between household...
Deepening of Regional Integration and Multilateral Trade Agreements
Bond, Eric W, Syropoulos, Costas, Winters, L Alan
We construct a three-country, two-bloc, multi-product trade model in which tariff agreements between customs union members are binding whereas inter-bloc tariff agreements are self-enforcing. Our...
Relaxing the Restrictions on the Temporary Movements of Natural Persons: A Simulation Analysis
Walmsley, Terri Louise, Winters, L Alan
While the liberalization of trade has been at the forefront of the global agenda for many decades, the movement of natural persons remains heavily guarded. Nevertheless, restrictions on the movement...
The Geography of UK International Trade
Overman, Henry G., Winters, L Alan
This Paper examines how the geography of UK international trade has changed since the UK’s accession to the European Economic Community using a newly constructed dataset that gives a detailed...
The Political Economy of the Agricultural Policy of Industrial.
The agricultural policies of industrial countries bring financial strain to their economic welfare. This paper argues that the problem results from the conflict between social attitudes which abhor...
Voluntary Export Restraints and Resource Allocation in Exporting Countries.
De Melo, Jaime, Winters, L Alan
This article analyzes the resource implications of voluntary export restraints (VERs) for exporting countries. A simple analytical method is used to demonstrate that, by reducing the marginal revenue...
Regionalism and the Rest of the World: The Irrelevance of the Kemp-Wan Theorem.
Many commentators purport to use the Kemp-Wan (1976) theorem to discuss the effects of regional integration schemes on nonmember countries and to operationalize the theorem in terms of the share of...
Negotiating the Abolition of Non-tariff Barriers.
This paper illustrates the extent and the cost of nontariff barriers to international trade. It proposes one possible scheme for removing some of them-negotiations between developing and industrial c...
Who is Coming from Vanuatu to New Zealand under the New Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Program?
David McKenzie, Pilar Garcia Martinez, L. Alan Winters
New Zealand’s new Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) program allows workers from the Pacific Islands to come to New Zealand for up to seven months to work in the horticulture and viticulture...
The challenge of reducing international trade and migration barriers
Anderson, Kym, Winters, L. Alan
While barriers to trade in most goods and some services including capital flows have been reduced considerably over the past two decades, many remain. Such policies harm most the economies imposing...
Who is coming from Vanuatu to New Zealand under the new recognized Seasonal employer program ?
McKenzie, David, Garcia Martinez, Pilar, Winters, L. Alan
New Zealand's new Recognized Seasonal Employer program allows workers from the Pacific Islands to come to New Zealand for up to seven months to work in the horticulture and viticulture industries....
Transport Costs and Economic Integration in the Americas
Azita Amjadi, L. Alan Winters, Alexander Yeats
We discuss three models from the literature in which transportation costs play a critical role in evaluating international economic integration. One considers costs on intra-bloc trade, one those of...
The So-Called "Non-Economic" Objectives of Agricultural Policy
Agricultural support costs OECD countries billions of dollars per year in lost income. It is frequently argued, however, that this is not waste, but is rather a fair price to pay for a number of...
The port geography of UK international trade
Henry G Overman, L Alan Winters
This paper examines how the geography of UK international trade has changed since the United Kingdom’s accession to the European Economic Community, using a newly constructed dataset that gives a...
Agriculture and the New Trade Agenda
Ingco,Merlinda D., Winters,L. Alan
Negotiating the liberalization of world agricultural trade in the World Trade Organization (WTO) is fraught with difficulty due to the complexity of the issues and the wide range of interests across...
Winters,L. Alan, Sapsford,David
Commodity markets are of considerable interest and importance to economists, econometricians and dealers. This book reports the proceedings of a major international conference on ‘Primary Commodity...
Agriculture and the New Trade Agenda
Ingco,Merlinda D., Winters,L. Alan
Negotiating the liberalization of world agricultural trade in the World Trade Organization (WTO) is fraught with difficulty due to the complexity of the issues and the wide range of interests across...
The interaction between macroeconomic and agricultural sector reforms is of vital importance to developing and East European economies, whose agricultural sectors account for major shares of economic...
The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries
The fifteen years of the GATT between the conclusion of the Tokyo Round in 1979 and the finalisation of the Uruguay Round in 1994 witnessed a sea change in attitudes toward the role of international...
Winters,L. Alan, Venables,Anthony
Much research has been devoted to the consequences of the completion of the European internal market in 1992. Existing estimates of the effects of market integration remain exploratory, however, and...
Winters,L. Alan, Venables,Anthony
Much research has been devoted to the consequences of the completion of the European internal market in 1992. Existing estimates of the effects of market integration remain exploratory, however, and...
Why Isn't the Doha Development Agenda more Poverty Friendly?
Thomas W. Hertel, Roman Keeney, Maros Ivanic, L. Alan Winters
Critics of the Doha Development Agenda rightly point to the lack of aggressive reform in wealthy countries for its role in dampening developing country gains. The authors find that the absence of...