Towards regional environmental accounts for Ireland (2009)
Tol, Richard S. J., Commins, Nicola, Crilly, Niamh, Lyons, Sean, Morgenroth, Edgar
Existing environmental accounts for the Republic of Ireland are at the national level. This is fine for continental and global environmental problems, but information at a finer spatial scale is...
EU Climate Change Policy 2013-2020 : thoughts on property rights and market choices (2009)
Gorecki, Paul K., Lyons, Sean, Tol, Richard S. J.
Under 2013 to 2020 European Union proposals for CO2 emission reduction, a Member State can transfer to another Member State ‘part’ of their allowed emission allocation in the non-Emission Trading...
Intra- and Extra-Union flexibility in meeting the European Union's emission reduction targets (2009)
The EU has proposed four flexibility mechanisms for the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in the period 2013-2020: (1) the Emissions Trade Scheme (ETS), a permit market between selected...
Previous versions of the FUND model assumed, like many integrated assessment models, that the carbon cycle is independent of climate change. I here introduce a feedback through which warming leads to...
The feasibility of low concentration targets : an application of FUND (2009)
I study the feasibility of stringent targets for stabilizing ambient greenhouse gas concentrations. Climate policy has diminishing returns, and there is therefore a maximum to what can be achieved....
Macagno, Giulia, Loureiro, Maria, Nunes, Paulo, Tol, Richard S. J.
This analysis provides an example of how biodiversity can be measured by means of different indicators, and how the latter can be used to assess the influence of the biodiversity profile of a region...
The economic impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs (2009)
Brander, Luke M., Rehdanz, Katrin, Tol, Richard S. J.
Because ocean acidification has only recently been recognised as a problem caused by climate change, impact studies are still rare and estimates of the economic impact are absent. This paper...
Discounting for climate change (2009)
Anthoff, David, Tol, Richard S. J., Yohe, Gary W.
It is well-known that the discount rate is crucially important for estimating the social cost of carbon, a standard indicator for the seriousness of climate change and desirable level of climate...
Economic costs of extratropical storms under climate change : an application of FUND (2009)
Narita, Daiju, Tol, Richard S. J., Anthoff, David
Extratropical cyclones have attracted some attention in climate policy circles as a possible significant damage factor of climate change. This study conducts an assessment of economic impacts of...
A hedonic analysis of the value of rail transport in the Greater Dublin Area (2008)
Mayor, Karen, Lyons, Séan, Duffy, David, Tol, Richard S. J.
We use a hedonic house price model to estimate the value of transport networks to homeowners in the Dublin area. Using a dataset of house sales between 2001 and 2006 and combining it with available...
Environmental accounts for the Republic of Ireland: 1990-2005 (2008)
Lyons, Sean, Mayor, Karen, Tol, Richard S. J.
read before the Society, 3 April 2008
A methodology for modelling coastal space for global assessments (2007)
McFadden, Loraine, Nicholls, Robert J., Vafeidis, Athanasios, Tol, Richard S.J.
A coherent approach to structuring reference units for coastal vulnerability analysis is often required for large-scale analyses of the coastal system. However, a review of existing spatial reference...
On International Equity Weights and National Decision Making on Climate Change (2007)
Anthoff , David, Tol, Richard S.J.
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions require the aggregation of monetised impacts of climate change over people with different incomes and in different jurisdictions....
On International Equity Weights and National Decision Making on Climate Change (2007)
Anthoff , David, Tol, Richard S.J.
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions require the aggregation of monetised impacts of climate change over people with different incomes and in different jurisdictions....
On International Equity Weights and National Decision Making on Climate Change (2007)
Anthoff , David, Tol, Richard S.J.
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions require the aggregation of monetised impacts of climate change over people with different incomes and in different jurisdictions....
On International Equity Weights and National Decision Making on Climate Change (2007)
Anthoff , David, Tol, Richard S.J.
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions require the aggregation of monetised impacts of climate change over people with different incomes and in different jurisdictions....
The Impact of a Carbon Tax on International Tourism (2007)
A simulation model of international tourist flows is used to estimate the impact of a carbon tax on aviation fuel. The effect of the tax on travel behaviour is small: a global $1000/tC would change...
How Overconfident are Current Projections of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions? (2007)
Keller, Klaus, Miltich, Louise I., Robinson, Alexander, Tol, Richard S.J.
Analyzing the risks of anthropogenic climate change requires sound probabilistic projections of CO2 emissions. Previous projections have broken important new ground, but many rely on out-of-range...
Equity Weighting and the Marginal Damage Costs of Climate Change (2007)
Anthoff , David, Hepburn , Cameron, Tol , Richard S.J.
Climate change would impact different countries differently, and different countries have different levels of development. Equity-weighted estimates of the (marginal) impact of greenhouse gas...
The Impact of a Carbon Tax on International Tourism (2007)
A simulation model of international tourist flows is used to estimate the impact of a carbon tax on aviation fuel. The effect of the tax on travel behaviour is small: a global $1000/tC would change...
How Overconfident are Current Projections of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions? (2007)
Keller, Klaus, Miltich, Louise I., Robinson, Alexander, Tol, Richard S.J.
Analyzing the risks of anthropogenic climate change requires sound probabilistic projections of CO2 emissions. Previous projections have broken important new ground, but many rely on out-of-range...
Equity Weighting and the Marginal Damage Costs of Climate Change (2007)
Anthoff , David, Hepburn , Cameron, Tol , Richard S.J.
Climate change would impact different countries differently, and different countries have different levels of development. Equity-weighted estimates of the (marginal) impact of greenhouse gas...
The Impact of a Carbon Tax on International Tourism (2007)
A simulation model of international tourist flows is used to estimate the impact of a carbon tax on aviation fuel. The effect of the tax on travel behaviour is small: a global $1000/tC would change...
How Overconfident are Current Projections of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions? (2007)
Keller, Klaus, Miltich, Louise I., Robinson, Alexander, Tol, Richard S.J.
Analyzing the risks of anthropogenic climate change requires sound probabilistic projections of CO2 emissions. Previous projections have broken important new ground, but many rely on out-of-range...
Equity Weighting and the Marginal Damage Costs of Climate Change (2007)
Anthoff , David, Hepburn , Cameron, Tol , Richard S.J.
Climate change would impact different countries differently, and different countries have different levels of development. Equity-weighted estimates of the (marginal) impact of greenhouse gas...
The Impact of a Carbon Tax on International Tourism (2007)
A simulation model of international tourist flows is used to estimate the impact of a carbon tax on aviation fuel. The effect of the tax on travel behaviour is small: a global $1000/tC would change...
How Overconfident are Current Projections of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions? (2007)
Keller, Klaus, Miltich, Louise I., Robinson, Alexander, Tol, Richard S.J.
Analyzing the risks of anthropogenic climate change requires sound probabilistic projections of CO2 emissions. Previous projections have broken important new ground, but many rely on out-of-range...
Equity Weighting and the Marginal Damage Costs of Climate Change (2007)
Anthoff , David, Hepburn , Cameron, Tol , Richard S.J.
Climate change would impact different countries differently, and different countries have different levels of development. Equity-weighted estimates of the (marginal) impact of greenhouse gas...
Berrittella, Maria, Rehdanz, Katrin, Tol, Richard S.J.
Water resources are unevenly spread in China. Especially the basins of the Yellow, Hui and Hai rivers in the North are rather dry. To increase the supply of water in these basins, the South-to-North...
Berrittella, Maria, Rehdanz, Katrin, Tol, Richard S.J.
Water resources are unevenly spread in China. Especially the basins of the Yellow, Hui and Hai rivers in the North are rather dry. To increase the supply of water in these basins, the South-to-North...
Berrittella, Maria, Rehdanz, Katrin, Tol, Richard S.J.
Water resources are unevenly spread in China. Especially the basins of the Yellow, Hui and Hai rivers in the North are rather dry. To increase the supply of water in these basins, the South-to-North...
Berrittella, Maria, Rehdanz, Katrin, Tol, Richard S.J.
Water resources are unevenly spread in China. Especially the basins of the Yellow, Hui and Hai rivers in the North are rather dry. To increase the supply of water in these basins, the South-to-North...
Bosello , Francesco, Bigano, Andrea, Roson, Roberto, Tol, Richard S.J.
Climate change impacts on human life have well defined and different origins, nevertheless in the determination of their final effects, especially those involving social-economic responses,...
Why Worry About Climate Change? A Research Agenda (2007)
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions suggest that, although climate change is a problem and some emission reduction is justified, very stringent abatement does not pass...
Bosello , Francesco, Bigano, Andrea, Roson, Roberto, Tol, Richard S.J.
Climate change impacts on human life have well defined and different origins, nevertheless in the determination of their final effects, especially those involving social-economic responses,...
Why Worry About Climate Change? A Research Agenda (2007)
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions suggest that, although climate change is a problem and some emission reduction is justified, very stringent abatement does not pass...
Bosello , Francesco, Bigano, Andrea, Roson, Roberto, Tol, Richard S.J.
Climate change impacts on human life have well defined and different origins, nevertheless in the determination of their final effects, especially those involving social-economic responses,...
Why Worry About Climate Change? A Research Agenda (2007)
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions suggest that, although climate change is a problem and some emission reduction is justified, very stringent abatement does not pass...
Bosello , Francesco, Bigano, Andrea, Roson, Roberto, Tol, Richard S.J.
Climate change impacts on human life have well defined and different origins, nevertheless in the determination of their final effects, especially those involving social-economic responses,...
Why Worry About Climate Change? A Research Agenda (2007)
Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions suggest that, although climate change is a problem and some emission reduction is justified, very stringent abatement does not pass...
The economic impact of restricted water supply: A computable general equilibrium analysis (2007)
Berrittella, Maria, Hoekstra, Arjen Y., Rehdanz, Katrin, Roson, Roberto, Tol, Richard S.J.
Water problems are typically studied at the level of the river catchment. About 70% of all water is used for agriculture, and agricultural products are traded internationally. A full understanding of...
Triple dividends of water consumption charges in South Africa (2007)
Letsoalo, Anthony, Blignaut, James Nelson, De Wet, Theuns J., De Wit, Martin, Hess, Sebastiaan, Tol, Richard S.J., ...
The South African government is exploring ways to address water scarcity problems by introducing a water resource management charge on the quantity of water used in sectors such as irrigated...
Triple dividends of water consumption charges in South Africa (2007)
Letsoalo, Anthony, Blignaut, James Nelson, De Wet, Theuns J., De Wit, Martin, Hess, Sebastiaan, Tol, Richard S.J., ...
The South African government is exploring ways to address water scarcity problems by introducing a water resource management charge on the quantity of water used in sectors such as irrigated...
Blignaut, James Nelson, Mabugu, Margaret, Gerlagh, Reyer, Hess, Sebastiaan, Tol, Richard S.J., ...
South Africa, as an upper middle-income, resource-intensive developing country with an open economy, has to find innovative ways to combat poverty, promote economic growth and reduce the intensity of...
Blignaut, James Nelson, Mabugu, Margaret, Gerlagh, Reyer, Hess, Sebastiaan, Tol, Richard S.J., ...
South Africa, as an upper middle-income, resource-intensive developing country with an open economy, has to find innovative ways to combat poverty, promote economic growth and reduce the intensity of...
Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios for the Usa (2006)
A model of carbon dioxide emissions of the USA is presented. The model consists of population, income per capita, economic structure, final and primary energy intensity per sector, primary fuel mix,...
Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios for the Usa (2006)
A model of carbon dioxide emissions of the USA is presented. The model consists of population, income per capita, economic structure, final and primary energy intensity per sector, primary fuel mix,...
Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios for the Usa (2006)
A model of carbon dioxide emissions of the USA is presented. The model consists of population, income per capita, economic structure, final and primary energy intensity per sector, primary fuel mix,...
Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios for the Usa (2006)
A model of carbon dioxide emissions of the USA is presented. The model consists of population, income per capita, economic structure, final and primary energy intensity per sector, primary fuel mix,...
Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Usa (2006)
Tol, Richard S.J., Pacala , Stephen W., Socolow, Robert
We compile a database of energy uses, energy sources, and carbon dioxide emissions for the USA for the period 1850-2002. We use a model to extrapolate the missing observations on energy use by...
Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Usa (2006)
Tol, Richard S.J., Pacala , Stephen W., Socolow, Robert
We compile a database of energy uses, energy sources, and carbon dioxide emissions for the USA for the period 1850-2002. We use a model to extrapolate the missing observations on energy use by...
Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Usa (2006)
Tol, Richard S.J., Pacala , Stephen W., Socolow, Robert
We compile a database of energy uses, energy sources, and carbon dioxide emissions for the USA for the period 1850-2002. We use a model to extrapolate the missing observations on energy use by...
Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Usa (2006)
Tol, Richard S.J., Pacala , Stephen W., Socolow, Robert
We compile a database of energy uses, energy sources, and carbon dioxide emissions for the USA for the period 1850-2002. We use a model to extrapolate the missing observations on energy use by...
Ronneberger, Kerstin, Berrittella, Maria, Bosello , Francesco, Tol, Richard S.J.
In this paper the global agricultural land use model KLUM is coupled to an extended version of the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) GTAP in order to consistently assess the integrated...
Ronneberger, Kerstin, Berrittella, Maria, Bosello , Francesco, Tol, Richard S.J.
In this paper the global agricultural land use model KLUM is coupled to an extended version of the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) GTAP in order to consistently assess the integrated...
Ronneberger, Kerstin, Berrittella, Maria, Bosello , Francesco, Tol, Richard S.J.
In this paper the global agricultural land use model KLUM is coupled to an extended version of the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) GTAP in order to consistently assess the integrated...
Ronneberger, Kerstin, Berrittella, Maria, Bosello , Francesco, Tol, Richard S.J.
In this paper the global agricultural land use model KLUM is coupled to an extended version of the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) GTAP in order to consistently assess the integrated...
Adaptation to Five Metres of Sea Level Rise (2006)
Tol, Richard S.J, Bohn, Maria, Downing, Thomas E., Guillerminet, Marie-Laure, Hizsnyik, Eva, Kasperon, Roger., ...
ABSTRACT There is an unknown but probably small probability that the West- Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) will collapse because of anthropogenic climate change. A WAIS collapse could cause a 5–6 metre...
On climate change and economic growth (2005)
Fankhauser, Samuel, Tol, Richard S.J.
The economic impact of climate change is usually measured as the extent to which the climate of a given period affects social welfare in that period. This static approach ignores the dynamic effects...
Weather impacts on natural, social and economic systems in The Netherlands (2004)
Analysis of the impact of weather variability on international tourism, outbreaks of fire, water consumption, energy consumption, and agriculture in the Netherlands. The aim is to obtain insight into...
Progress in estimating the marginal costs of greenhouse gas emissions (2001)
Tol, Richard S. J., Downing, Thomas E., Fankhauser, Samuel, Richels, Richard G., Smith, Joel B.
The unjust distributional consequences of climate change, and its potentially negative aggregate effect on economic growth and welfare are two reasons to be concerned about climate change. Our...
Climate, change and risk (1999)
Downing, Thomas E. (ed.), Olsthoorn, Alexander J. (ed.), Tol, Richard S.J. (ed.)
Incluye índice
Climate, change and risk / Ed. de T.E. Downing, A.A. Olsthoorn, R.S.J. Tol. (1999)
Downing, Thomas E. (ed.), Olsthoorn, Alexander J. (ed.), Tol, Richard S.J. (ed.)
Incluye índice
Weathering climate change: some simple rules to guide adaptation decisions (1998)
Fankhauser, Samuel, Smith, Joel B., Tol, Richard S.J
This paper discusses some of the elements that may characterise an efficient strategy to adapt to a changing climate. Such a strategy will have to reflect the long time horizon of, and the prevailing...
Poorer countries are generally believed to be more vulnerable to climate change than richer countries because poorer countries are more exposed and have less adaptive capacity. This suggests that, in...
FANKHAUSER, SAMUEL, TOL, RICHARD S.J., PEARCE, DAVID W.
The paper discusses valuation issues in the context of climate change impact estimation. Issues addressed are aggregation of damage costs over diverse regions (particularly equity-weighting),...
FANKHAUSER, SAMUEL, TOL, RICHARD S.J., PEARCE, DAVID W.
The paper discusses valuation issues in the context of climate change impact estimation. Issues addressed are aggregation of damage costs over diverse regions (particularly equity-weighting),...
Infectious disease, development, and climate change: a scenario analysis
TOL, RICHARD S.J., EBI, KRISTIE L., YOHE, GARY W.
We study the effects of development and climate change on infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Infant mortality and infectious disease are closely related, but there are better data for the...
Climate Coalitions in an Integrated Assessment Model.
An analytically tractable approximation of a numerical model is used to investigate coalition formation between nine major world regions with regard to their policies for greenhouse gas emission...
The Social Cost of Carbon: Trends, Outliers and Catastrophes
211 estimates of the social cost of carbon are included in a meta-analysis. The results confirm that a lower discount rate implies a higher estimate; and that higher estimates are found in the gray...
Economy-wide estimates of the implications of climate change - a rejoinder
Bosello, Francesco, Roson, Roberto, Tol, Richard S.J.
[Ackermann, F., Stanton, E., 2008-this issue. A comment on economy-wide estimates of the implications of climate change: human health. Ecological Economics. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.10.006]...
The value of the high Aswan Dam to the Egyptian economy
Strzepek, Kenneth M., Yohe, Gary W., Tol, Richard S.J., Rosegrant, Mark W.
The High Aswan Dam converted a variable and uncertain flow of Nile river water into a predictable and controllable water supply stored in Lake Nasser. We use a computable general equilibrium model of...
"Preserving Electricity Market Efficiency While Closing Ireland's Capacity Gap"
Lyons, Sean, Fitz Gerald, John, McCarthy, Niamh, Malaguzzi Valeri, Laura, Tol, Richard S. J.
qec
"Electricity Shortages in Ireland: Probability and Consequences"
Malaguzzi Valeri, Laura, Tol, Richard S. J.
qec
Measuring International Inequity Aversion
I measure the rate of aversion to inequality in consumption as expressed in the development aid given by rich countries to poor ones between 1965 and 2005. Over time, OECD countries have become less...
The Social Cost of Carbon: Trends, Outliers and Catastrophes
211 estimates of the social cost of carbon are included in a meta-analysis. The results confirm that a lower discount rate implies a higher estimate; and that higher estimates are found in the gray...
Metrics for Aggregating the Climate Effect of Different Emissions: A Unifying Framework
Tol, Richard S. J., Berntsen, Terje K., O’Neill, Brian C., Fuglestvedt, Jan S., Shine, Keith P., Balkanski, Yves, ...
Multi-gas approaches to climate change policies require a metric establishing “equivalences” among emissions of various species. Climate scientists and economists have proposed four classes of...
Intra-Union Flexibility of Non-ETS Emission Reduction Obligations in the European Union
The current EU proposal on greenhouse gas emission reduction has 28 targets for 2020: an EU-wide one for carbon dioxide emissions covered by the European Trading System, and one target for non-ETS...
The Economic Impact of Climate Change
I review the literature on the economic impacts of climate change, an externality that is unprecedentedly large, complex, and uncertain. Only 14 estimates of the total damage cost of climate change...
Tol, Richard S. J., Narita, Daiju, Anthoff, David
Climate change may intensify tropical cyclone activities and amplify their negative economic effects. We simulate the direct economic impact of tropical cyclones enhanced by climate change with the...
The impact of the UK aviation tax on carbon dioxide emissions and visitor numbers
Mayor, Karen, Tol, Richard S.J.
We use a model of domestic and international tourist numbers and flows to estimate the impact of the recent and proposed changes in the Air Passenger Duty (APD) of the United Kingdom. We look at four...
Fuel Poverty in Ireland: Extent, Affected Groups and Policy Issues
Scott, Susan, Lyons, Sean, Keane, Claire, McCarthy, Donal, Tol, Richard S. J.
This paper provides updated estimates for the scale of fuel poverty in the Republic of Ireland using two measures: one based on fuel expenditure as a share of income and the other based on...
The Direct Impact of Climate Change on Regional Labour Productivity
Tord Kjellstrom, R. Sari Kovats, Simon J. Lloyd, Tom Holt, Tol, Richard S. J.
Global climate change will increase outdoor and indoor heat loads, and may impair health and productivity for millions of working people. This study applies physiological evidence about effects of...
THE OPTIMAL DEPLETION OF AN EXHAUTIBLE RESOURCE IN A DYNAMIC GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
Gaitan, Beatriz, Tol, Richard S.J., Yetkiner, I. Hakan
The validity of the Hotelling's rule, the fundamental theorem of nonrenewable resource economics, is limited by its partial equilibrium nature. One symptom of this limitation may be the disagreement...
Equity weighting and the marginal damage costs of climate change
Anthoff, David, Hepburn, Cameron, Tol, Richard S.J.
Marginal damage costs Climate change Equity
A Hedonic Analysis of the Value of Rail Transport in the Greater Dublin Area
Mayor, Karen, Lyons, Seán, Duffy, David, Tol, Richard S. J.
We use a hedonic house price model to estimate the value of transport networks to homeowners in the Dublin area. Using a dataset of house sales between 2001 and 2006 and combining it with available...
The distributional implications of a carbon tax in Ireland
Callan, Tim, Lyons, Sean, Scott, Susan, Tol, Richard S.J., Verde, Stefano
We study the effects of carbon tax and revenue recycling across the income distribution in the Republic of Ireland. In absolute terms, a carbon tax of [euro]20/tCO2 would cost the poorest households...
Economic Costs of Extratropical Storms Under Climate Change: An Application of FUND
Narita, Daiju, Tol, Richard S. J., Anthoff, David
Extratropical cyclones have attracted some attention in climate policy circles as a possible significant damage factor of climate change. This study conducts an assessment of economic impacts of...
Discounting for Climate Change
Anthoff, David, Tol, Richard S. J., Yohe, Gary W.(Wesleyan University, CT, USA)
It is well-known that the discount rate is crucially important for estimating the social cost of carbon, a standard indicator for the seriousness of climate change and desirable level of climate...
The Economic Impact of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs
Brander, Luke M., Rehdanz, Katrin, Tol, Richard S J
Because ocean acidification has only recently been recognised as a problem caused by climate change, impact studies are still rare and estimates of the economic impact are absent. This paper...
Macagno, Giulia, Loureiro, Maria, Tol, Richard S. J.
This analysis provides an example of how biodiversity can be measured by means of different indicators, and how the latter can be used to assess the influence of the biodiversity profile of a region...
The Stern Review: A deconstruction
Tol, Richard S.J., Yohe, Gary W.
Using a simple model designed for transparency but nonetheless calibrated to support the much-quoted damage estimates of the Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change, we demonstrate...
The Feasibility of Low Concentration Targets: An Application of FUND
International climate policy; greenhouse gas emission reduction
Lyons, Sean, Mayor, Karen, Tol, Richard S.J.
This study uses country-level panel data on consumption in Ireland and seven other OECD countries to examine the evolution of Irish consumption patterns as Ireland underwent rapid macroeconomic...
Intra-union flexibility of non-ETS emission reduction obligations in the European Union
The EU proposal on greenhouse gas emission reduction has 28 targets for 2020: an EU-wide one for CO2 emissions covered by the European Trading System (ETS), and one target for non-ETS emissions per...
Marginal abatement costs of greenhouse gas emissions: A meta-analysis
Kuik, Onno, Brander, Luke, Tol, Richard S.J.
In this paper, we carry out a meta-analysis of recent studies into the costs of greenhouse gas mitigation policies that aim at the long-term stabilisation of these gases in the atmosphere. We find...
Discounting for Climate Change
Anthoff, David, Tol, Richard S. J., Yohe, Gary W.
It is well-known that the discount rate is crucially important for estimating the social cost of carbon, a standard indicator for the seriousness of climate change and desirable level of climate...
EU Climate Change Policy 2013-2020: Thoughts on Property Rights and Market Choices
Gorecki, Paul, Lyons, Sean, Tol, Richard S. J.
Under 2013 to 2020 European Union proposals for CO2 emission reduction, a Member State can transfer to another Member State ?part? of their allowed emission allocation in the non-Emission Trading...
Towards Regional Environmental Accounts for Ireland
Tol, Richard S. J., Commins, Nicola, Crilly, Niamh, Lyons, Sean, Morgenroth, Edgar
Existing environmental accounts for the Republic of Ireland are at the national level. This is fine for continental and global environmental problems, but information at a finer spatial scale is...
Intra- and Extra-Union Flexibility in Meeting the European Union's Emission Reduction Targets
The EU has proposed four flexibility mechanisms for the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in the period 2013-2020: (1) the Emissions Trade Scheme (ETS), a permit market between selected...
Discounting for Climate Change
Yohe, Gary W., Tol, Richard S. J., Anthoff, David
It is well-known that the discount rate is crucially important for estimating the social cost of carbon, a standard indicator for the seriousness of climate change and desirable level of climate...
Economywide impacts of climate change on agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa:
Calzadilla, Alvaro, Zhu, Tingju, Rehdanz, Katrin, Tol, Richard S.J., Ringler, Claudia
"Two possible adaptation options to climate change for Sub-Saharan Africa are analyzed under the SRES B2 scenario. The first scenario doubles the irrigated area in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2050,...
Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the USA
Tol, Richard S.J., Pacala, Stephen W., Socolow, Robert H.
Carbon dioxide emissions Decomposition Environmental Kuznets curve USA History
The Distributional Impact of a Carbon Tax in Ireland
Verde, Stefano, Tol, Richard S. J.
We study the effects of carbon taxation and revenue recycling across the income distribution in Ireland. Price changes of fuels and all other final goods and services are taken into account. If...
Climate Policy and Corporate Behaviour
Commins, Nicola, Lyons, Seán, Schiffbauer, Marc, Tol, Richard S. J.
In this paper, we study the impact of energy taxes and the EU ETS on a large number of firms in Europe between 1996 and 2007. Using company level micro-data, we examine how firms in different sectors...
International Cooperation on Climate Change Adaptation from an Economic Perspective
De Bruin, Kelly C., Dellink, Rob B., Tol, Richard S. J.
This paper investigates the economic incentives of countries to cooperate on international adaptation financing. Adaptation is generally implicitly incorporated in the climate change damage functions...
Counting Only the Hits? The Risk of Underestimating the Costs of Stringent Climate Policy
Tavoni, Massimo, Tol, Richard S. J.
This paper warns against the risk of underestimating the costs -and the uncertainty about the costs- of achieving stringent stabilization targets. We argue that a straightforward review of integrated...
The EU 20/20/2020 Targets: An Overview of the EMF22 Assessment
Böhringer, Christoph, Rutherford, Thomas F., Tol, Richard S. J.
Three computable general equilibrium models are used to estimate the economic implications of a stylized version of EU climate policy. If implemented at the lowest possible cost, the 20% emissions...