Management of Critical Machine Settings for Accelerators at CERN (2009)
Sliwinski, W, Charrue, P, Kain, V, Kruk, G
In high energy and high intensity accelerators as the LHC, the energy stored in the beams is orders of magnitude above the damage level of accelerator components like magnets. Uncontrolled release of...
The LHC Injection Tests (2009)
Lamont, M, Alemany-Fernandez, R, Bailey, R, Collier, P, Goddard, B, Kain, V, ...
A series of LHC injection tests was performed in August and September 2008. The first saw beam injected into sector 23; the second into sectors 78 and 23; the third into sectors 78-67 and sectors...
Operational Experience with First Circulating Beam in the LHC (2009)
Lamont, M, Alemany-Fernandez, R, Bailey, R, Collier, P, Goddard, B, Kain, V, ...
Following a series of injection tests, the first attempts to pass beam around both directions of the LHC were successful and led rapidly to circulating beam in the counter clockwise direction (beam...
Fuchsberger, K, Fartoukh, S, Goddard, B, Jones, R, Kain, V, Meddahi, M, ...
The 3 km long TI 8 transfer line is used to transfer 450 GeV proton and ion beams from the SPS to LHC collider. As part of a detailed optics investigation program the chromaticity of the transfer...
First beta-beating measurement in the LHC (2009)
Aiba, M, Calaga, R, Fartoukh, S, Franchi, A, Giovannozzi, M, Kain, V, ...
In 2008 beam successfully circulated in the LHC. Thanks to an excellent functioning of the beam position monitor (BPM) system and the related software, injection oscillations were recorded for the...
Linear & Nonl. optics checks diring LHC injection tests (2009)
Fartoukh, S, Giovannozzi, M, Kain, V, Lamont, M, Sun, Y, Tomás, R, ...
In early LHC commissioning, linear and “higher-order” polarity checks were performed for one octant per beam, by launching suitable free betatron oscillations and then inverting a magnet-circuit...
Experience with the LHC beam dump post-operational checks system (2009)
Uythoven, J, Axensalva, J, Baggiolini, V, Carlier, E, Gallet, E, Goddard, B, ...
After each beam dump in the LHC automatic post-operational checks are made to guarantee that the last beam dump has been executed correctly and that the system can be declared to be ‘as good as...
Beam commissioning of injection into the LHC (2009)
Mertens, V, Agapov, I, Goddard, B, Gyr, M, Kain, V, Kramer, T, ...
The LHC injection tests and first turn beam commissioning took place in late summer 2008, after detailed and thorough preparation. The beam commissioning of the downstream sections of the SPS-to-LHC...
Machine studies during beam commissioning of the SPS-to-LHC transfer lines (2009)
Meddahi, M, Agapov, I, Fuchsberger, K, Goddard, B, Herr, Werner, Kain, V, ...
Through May to September 2008, further beam commissioning of the SPS-to-LHC transfer lines was performed. For the first time, optics and dispersion measurements were also taken in the last part of...
Initial results from beam commissioning of the LHC beam dump system (2009)
Goddard, B, Agapov, I, Carlier, E, Ducimetière, L, Gallet, E, Gyr, M, ...
Initial commissioning of the LHC beam dump system with beam took place in August and September 2008. The preparation, setting-up and the tests performed are described together with results of the...
LHC Abort Gap Cleaning with the Transverse Damper (2009)
Gianfelice-Wendt, E, Goddard, B, Höfle, Wolfgang, Kain, V, Meddahi, M, Shaposhnikova, E, ...
In the Large Hadron Collider, LHC, particles not captured by the RF system at injection or leaking out of the RF bucket may quench the superconducting magnets during beam abort. The problem, common...
Configuration and Validation of the LHC Beam Loss Monitoring System (2009)
Zamantzas, C, Dehning, B, Emery, J, Fitzek, J, Follin, F, Jackson, S, ...
The LHC Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system is one of the most complex instrumentation systems deployed in the LHC. As well as protecting the machine, the system is also used as a means of diagnosing...
P. Charrue, W. Gajewski, V. Kain, K. Kostro, G. Kruk, M. Peryt
Given the significant dangers of LHC operations, access control to the accelerator controls system is required. This paper describes the requirements, design, and implementation of Role-Based Access...
Bojinov, M., Gaonkar, K., Ghosh, S., Kain, V., Kumar, K., Saario, Timo
Corrosion Science Vol.51 Nr.5, 1146 - 1156
Ions for LHC: Towards Completion of the Injector Chain (2008)
Manglunki, Django, Albert, M, Angoletta, M E, Arduini, Gianluigi, Baudrenghien, P, Bellodi, G, ...
The commissioning of CERN's ion injector complex [1] to allow 1.1 PeV collisions of ions in LHC is well under way. After the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) in 2005 [2] and the Proton Synchrotron (PS) in...
Performance of the Main Dipole Magnet Circuits of the LHC during Commissioning (2008)
Verweij, A, Baggiolini, V, Ballarino, A, Bellesia, B, Bordry, Frederick, Cantone, A, ...
During hardware commissioning of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 8 main dipole circuits are tested at 1.9 K and up to their nominal current. Each dipole circuit contains 154 magnets of 15 m length,...
Venturini-Delsolaro, W, Baggiolini, V, Ballarino, A, Bellesia, B, Bordry, Frederick, Cantone, A, ...
The LHC is a complex machine requiring more than 7400 superconducting corrector magnets distributed along a circumference of 26.7 km. These magnets are powered in 1446 different electrical circuits...
Benedetto, E, Agapov, I, Follin, F, Kain, V
As part of the commissioning with beam of the transfer line TI2 and TI8 from the SPS to the LHC [1], a series of optics measurements has been conducted. The paper presents the results in terms of...
Automatic Post-Operational Checks for the LHC Beam Dump System (2008)
Gallet, E, Axensalva, J, Baggiolini, V, Carlier, E, Goddard, B, Kain, V, ...
In order to ensure the required level of reliability of the LHC beam dump system a series of post-operational checks must be performed after each dump action. This paper describes the various data...
Beam Commissioning of the SPS-to-LHC Transfer Line TI 2 (2008)
Uythoven, J, Arduini, Gianluigi, Assmann, Ralph Wolfgang, Gilbert, N, Goddard, B, Kain, V, ...
The transfer line for the LHC Ring 1 was successfully commissioned with beam in the autumn of 2007. After extraction from the SPS accelerator and about 2.7 km of new transfer line, the beam arrived...
POSSIBLE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SERIOUS FAILURES OF THE LHC MACHINE PROTECTION SYSTEM (2008)
J. Uythoven, B. Goddard, M. Gyr, V. Kain, R. Schmidt, J. Wenninger
The LHC machine protection systems, including the beam dumping system, are designed to ensure that failures leading to serious damage to the LHC during its lifetime are extremely unlikely. These kind...
August 2008IONS FOR LHC: TOWARDS COMPLETION OF THE INJECTOR CHAIN (2008)
J. M. Jowett, V. Kain, D. Küchler, M. Martini, S. Maury, E. Métral, ...
The commissioning of CERN’s ion injector complex [1] to allow 1.1 PeV collisions of ions in LHC is well under way. After the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) in 2005 [2] and the Proton Synchrotron (PS)...
Schmidt, R, Assmann, Ralph Wolfgang, Carlier, E, Dehning, B, Denz, R, Goddard, B, ...
For nominal beam parameters at 7 TeV/c each of the two LHC proton beams has a stored energy of 362 MJ threatening to damage accelerator equipment in case of uncontrolled beam loss. The energy stored...
Beam Commissioning of the SPS LSS6 Extraction and TT60 for LHC (2007)
Balhan, B, Gaxiola, E, Goddard, B, Gourber-Pace, M, Jensen, L, Kain, V, ...
The new fast extraction system in LSS6 of the SPS and the first 100 m of transfer line TT60 was commissioned with low intensity beam in late 2006. The layout and functionality of the main elements...
High Intensity Commissioning of the SPS LSS4 extraction for CNGS (2007)
Kain, V, Carlier, E, Gaxiola, E, Goddard, B, Gschwendtner, E, Gourber-Pace, M, ...
The SPS LSS4 fast extraction system will serve both the anti-clockwise ring of the LHC and the CERN Gran Sasso Neutrino project (CNGS). CNGS requires 2 fast extractions of 10.5 microsecond long...
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS): Results from Commissioning (2007)
Meddahi, M, Cornelis, K, Elsener, K, Gschwendtner, E, Herr, Werner, Kain, V, ...
The CNGS project (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) aims at directly detecting nm - nt oscillations. An intense nm beam is generated at CERN and directed towards LNGS (Laboratori Nazionali del Gran...
Optics Flexibility and Dispersion Matching at Injection into the LHC (2006)
Koschik, A, Burkhardt, H, Goddard, B, Kadi, Y, Kain, V, Mertens, V, ...
The LHC requires very precise matching of transfer line and LHC optics to minimise emittance blow-up and tail repopulation at injection. The recent addition of a comprehensive transfer line...
Lamont, Mike, Bailey, R, Burkhardt, H, Goddard, B, Jensen, L, Rhodri-Jones, Owain, ...
The proposal to inject beam into a sector of the partially completed LHC is presented. The test will provide an important milestone, force preparation of a number of key systems, and allow a number...
Injection intensities for the LHC are over an order of magnitude above the damage threshold. The collimation system in the two transfer lines is designed to dilute the beam sufficiently to avoid...
Optics Studies of the LHC Beam Transfer Line TI 8 (2005)
Arduini, Gianluigi, Chao Yu Chiu, Goddard, B, Jacquet, D, Kain, V, Lamont, M, ...
The optics of the newly commissioned LHC beam transfer line TI 8 was studied with beam trajectories, dispersion and profile measurements. Steering magnet response measurements were used to analyze...
Schmidt, Frank, Chao Yu Chiu, Goddard, B, Jacquet, D, Kain, V, Lamont, M, ...
MAD-X is CERN's successor for MAD8, a program for accelerator design with a long history. MAD-X is a modular, better maintainable re-write of MAD8 with data structures written in `C'. Early on in the...
Optics Studies of the LHC Beam Transfer Line TI 8 (2005)
Arduini, Gianluigi, Chao Yu Chiu, Goddard, B, Jacquet, D, Kain, V, Lamont, M, ...
The optics of the newly commissioned LHC beam transfer line TI 8 was studied with beam trajectories, dispersion and profile measurements. Steering magnet response measurements were used to analyze...
Material Damage Test with 450GeV LHC-type beam (2005)
Kain, V, Ramillon, J, Schmidt, R, Vorderwinkler, K, Wenninger, J
The design of LHC protection elements is based on assumptions on damage levels, which are derived from simulations. A dedicated experiment was prepared and carried out to cross-check the validity of...
Material Damage Test with 450GeV LHC-type beam (2005)
Kain, V, Ramillon, J, Schmidt, R, Vorderwinkler, K, Wenninger, J
The design of LHC protection elements is based on assumptions on damage levels, which are derived from simulations. A dedicated experiment was prepared and carried out to cross-check the validity of...
The impact on midwives of undertaking screening for domestic violence: focus group findings. (2005)
McCosker-Howard, H., Kain, V., Anderson, D. J., Webster, J.
Objective: To investigate the impact mandatory screening for domestic violence has had upon registered midwives. Design: Three phase study - Phase one involved focus group interviews. Setting:...
The impact on midwives of undertaking screening for domestic violence: focus group findings. (2005)
McCosker-Howard, H., Kain, V., Anderson, D. J., Webster, J.
Objective: To investigate the impact mandatory screening for domestic violence has had upon registered midwives. Design: Three phase study - Phase one involved focus group interviews. Setting:...
An Improved Cllimation System for the LHC (2004)
Assmann, R W, Aberle, O, Bertarelli, A, Braun, H, Brugger, M, Brüning, Oliver Simon, ...
The handling of the high-intensity LHC beams in a super-conducting environment requires a high-robustness collimation system with unprecedented cleaning efficiency. For gap closures down to 2.2 mm no...
The New Layout of the LHC Cleaning Insertions (2004)
Assmann, R W, Aberle, O, Brüning, Oliver Simon, Chemli, S, Gasser, D, Jeanneret, J B, ...
The improved LHC collimation system required significant changes in the layout and design of the warm insertions. Requirements for collimation, optics, impedance, vacuum, and additional...
Collimation in the Transfer Lines to the LHC (2004)
Burkhardt, H, Goddard, B, Kadi, Y, Kain, V, Weterings, W
The intensities foreseen for injection into the LHC are over an order of magnitude above the expected damage levels. The TI 2 and TI 8 transfer lines between the SPS and LHC are each about 2.5 km...
Expected Performance and Beam-Based Optimization of the LHC Collimation System (2004)
Assmann, R W, Holzer, E, Jeanneret, J B, Kain, V, Redaelli, S, Robert-Démolaize, G, ...
The cleaning efficiency requirements in the LHC are beyond the requirements at other circular colliders. The achievable ideal cleaning efficiency in the LHC is presented for the improved LHC...
Aperture and Delivery Precision of the LHC Injection System (2004)
Goddard, B, Gyr, Marcel, Jeanneret, J B, Kain, V, Lamont, M, Maire, V, ...
The main LHC injection elements in interaction regions 2 and 8 comprise the injection septa (MSI), the injection kickers (MKI), together with three families of passive protection devices (TDI, TCDD...
Possible Causes and Consequences of Serious Failures of the LHC Machine Protection Systems (2004)
Filippini, R, Goddard, B, Gyr, Marcel, Kain, V, Schmidt, R, Uythoven, J, ...
The LHC machine protection systems, including the beam dumping system, are designed to ensure that failures leading to serious damage to the LHC during its lifetime are extremely unlikely. These kind...
Detecting Failures in Electrical Circuits Leading to Very Fast Beams Losses in the LHC (2004)
Goddard, B, Kain, V, Schmidt, R, Zerlauth, M
Failures in the powering of LHC magnets could lead to very fast beam losses at collimators, possibly within less than 10 turns. Beam loss monitors would normally detect such losses and trigger a beam...
Attenuation and Emittance Growth of 450 GeV and 7 TeV Proton Beams in Low-Z Absorber Elements (2004)
Kadi, Y, Kain, V, Goddard, B, Schmidt, R
The intensity of the LHC beams will be several orders of magnitude above the damage thresholds for equipment. Passive protection of accelerator equipment against failures during beam transfer,...
Detecting Failures in Electrical Circuits Leading to Very Fast Beams Losses in the LHC (2004)
Goddard, B, Kain, V, Schmidt, R, Zerlauth, M
Failures in the powering of LHC magnets could lead to very fast beam losses at collimators, possibly within less than 10 turns. Beam loss monitors would normally detect such losses and trigger a beam...
Attenuation and Emittance Growth of 450 GeV and 7 TeV Proton Beams in Low-Z Absorber Elements (2004)
Kadi, Y, Kain, V, Goddard, B, Schmidt, R
The intensity of the LHC beams will be several orders of magnitude above the damage thresholds for equipment. Passive protection of accelerator equipment against failures during beam transfer,...
Interaction of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Beam with Solid Metallic Targets (2004)
Fortov, V E, Goddard, B, Hoffmann, Dieter H H, Kain, V, Lomonosov, I V, Piriz, A R, ...
The LHC will operate at an energy of 7 TeV with a luminosity of 1034cm_2s_1. This requires two beams, each with 2808 bunches. The nominal intensity per bunch is 1.1 · 1011 protons. The energy stored...
The Expected Performance of the LHC Injection Protection System (2004)
Kain, V, Brüning, Oliver Simon, Ducimetière, L, Goddard, B, Lamont, M, Mertens, V
The passive protection devices TDI, TCDD and TCLI are required to prevent damage to the LHC in case of serious injection failures, in particular of the MKI injection kicker. A detailed particle...
Goddard, B, Gyr, Marcel, Kain, V, Risselada, Thys
Skew quadrupoles are well known for their capability of tilting beams around their longitudinal axes. However, dipoles can produce the same effect. A horizontal bending dipole aligned with an...
Beam Loss Scenarios and Strategies for Machine Protection at the LHC (2003)
Schmidt, R, Assmann, Ralph Wolfgang, Burkhardt, H, Carlier, E, Dehning, Bernd, Goddard, B, ...
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with nominal parameters at 7 TeV, each proton beam has an energy of more than 330 MJ threatening to damage accelerator equipment in case of uncontrolled beam loss....
Beam Loss Scenarios and Strategies for Machine Protection at the LHC (2003)
Schmidt, R, Assmann, R W, Burkhardt, H, Carlier, E, Dehning, Bernd, Goddard, B, ...
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with nominal parameters at 7 TeV, each proton beam has an energy of more than 330 MJ threatening to damage accelerator equipment in case of uncontrolled beam loss....
Beam Loss and Collimation at LHC, CERN-LHC-Project-Report-663 (2003)
Jeanneret, J B, Aberle, O, Ajguirei, I L, Assmann, R W, Baishev, I S, Bojon, J P, ...
After a short review of past collimation work at LHC, the conception and baseline of the LHC collimation system are described. Abort-gap cleaning and beam loss monitoring are also discussed.
Beam Loss and Collimation at LHC, CERN-LHC-Project-Report-663 (2003)
Jeanneret, J B, Aberle, O, Ajguirei, I L, Assmann, R W, Baishev, I S, Bojon, J P, ...
After a short review of past collimation work at LHC, the conception and baseline of the LHC collimation system are described. Abort-gap cleaning and beam loss monitoring are also discussed.
Ionization Chambers for the LHC Beam Loss Detection (2003)
Assmann, R W, Dehning, Bernd, Ferioli, G, Gschwendtner, E, Kain, V
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) a beam loss system will be used to prevent and protect superconducting magnets against coil quenches and coil damages. Ionisation chambers will be mounted outside...
Designing and Building a Collimation System for the High-Intensity LHC Beam (2003)
Assmann, R W, Aberle, O, Baishev, I S, Bruno, L, Brügger, M, Chiaveri, Enrico, ...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will collide proton beams at 14 TeV c.m. with unprecedented stored intensities. The transverse energy density in the beam will be about three orders of magnitude...
Designing and Building a Collimation System for the High-Intensity LHC Beam (2003)
Assmann, R W, Aberle, O, Baishev, I S, Bruno, L, Brugger, M, Chiaveri, Enrico, ...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will collide proton beams at 14 TeV c.m. with unprecedented stored intensities. The transverse energy density in the beam will be about three orders of magnitude...
Tools for Predicting Cleaning Efficiency in the LHC (2003)
Assmann, R W, Baishev, I S, Brügger, M, Hayes, M, Jeanneret, J B, Kain, V, ...
The computer codes SIXTRACK and DIMAD have been upgraded to include realistic models of proton scattering in collimator jaws, mechanical aperture restrictions, and time-dependent fields. These new...
Tools for Predicting Cleaning Efficiency in the LHC (2003)
Assmann, R W, Baishev, I S, Brugger, M, Hayes, M, Jeanneret, J B, Kain, V, ...
The computer codes SIXTRACK and DIMAD have been upgraded to include realistic models of proton scattering in collimator jaws, mechanical aperture restrictions, and time-dependent fields. These new...
Requirements for the LHC collimation system (2002)
Assmann, R W, Baishev, I S, Brügger, M, Bruno, L, Burkhardt, H, Burtin, G, ...
The LHC requires efficient collimation during all phases of the beam cycle. Collimation plays important roles in prevention of magnet quenches from regular beam diffusion, detection of abnormal beam...
Requirements for the LHC collimation system (2002)
Assmann, R W, Baishev, I S, Brugger, M, Bruno, L, Burkhardt, H, Burtin, G, ...
The LHC requires efficient collimation during all phases of the beam cycle. Collimation plays important roles in prevention of magnet quenches from regular beam diffusion, detection of abnormal beam...
The Beam Loss Detection System of the LHC Ring (2002)
Gschwendtner, E, Dehning, Bernd, Ferioli, G, Friesenbichler, W, Kain, V
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) a beam loss system will be installed in the arc, dispersion suppressor and the straight regions for a continuous surveillance of particle losses. These beam...