Entrepreneurship in Development: (2008)
First Results From, Simeon Djankov, World Bank, Yingyi Qian, Uc Berkeley, Gérard Rol, ...
We compare results from a pilot study on entrepreneurship in China and Russia. Compared to non-entrepreneurs, Russian and Chinese entrepreneurs have more entrepreneurs in their family and among...
Lawrence J. Lau, David D. Li, Yingyi Qian
1 We would like to thank Ronald McKinnon and Micheal Kumhof for helpful discussions and to Zhaohui
We compare the performance of organizational forms (M-form and U-form) in experimenting with uncertain projects. In our framework, organizational forms affect the information structure of an...
Coordinating tasks in M-form and U-form organisations (2003)
Qian, Yingyi, Roland, Gerard, Xu, Cheng-Gang
We model the coordination of specialised tasks inside an organisation as "attribute matching". Using this method, we compare the performance of organisational forms (M-form and U-form) in...
Coordinating tasks in M-form and U-form organisations (2003)
Qian, Yingyi, Roland, Gerard, Xu, Cheng-Gang
We model the coordination of specialised tasks inside an organisation as "attribute matching". Using this method, we compare the performance of organisational forms (M-form and U-form) in...
How Reform Worked in China (2003)
Yingyi Qian, William Davidson, Yingyi Qian
China’s reform worked and produced one of the most impressive growth in the largest developing and transition economy in the world in the past twenty-two years. That China has managed to grow so...
How Reform Worked in China (2003)
China’s reform worked and produced one of the most impressive growth in the largest developing and transition economy in the world in the past twenty-two years. That China has managed to grow so...
How Reform Worked in China (2002)
China's reform worked and produced one of the most impressive growth in the largest developing and transition economy in the world in the past twenty-two years. That China has managed to grow so...
Limiting government predation through anonymous banking: a theory with evidence from China (1999)
Bai, Chong-En, Li, David D., Qian, Yingyi, Wong, Yijiang
China's economic performance of the past two decades presents a puzzle for the economics of transition and development: Enormous private business incentives were unleashed that have fueled rapid...
Limiting Government Predation Through Anonymous Banking: A Theory with Evidence from China (1999)
Bai, Chong-En, Li, David D., Qian, Yingyi, Wang, Yijiang
China's economic performance of the past two decades presents a puzzle for the economics of transition and development: Enormous private business incentives were unleashed that have fueled rapid...
Coordinating Changes in M-form and U-form Organizations (1999)
Qian, Yingyi, Roland, Gerard, Xu, Chenggang
We introduce a method of modelling coordination inside an organization as a process of "attribute matching." Using this method, we compare organizational forms (U-form and M-form) in coordinating...
Coordinating Changes in M-form and U-form Organizations 1 (1999)
Yingyi Qian, Gérard Rol, Chenggang Xu, Yingyi Qian, Gérard Roland, Chenggang Xu
We introduce a method of modelling coordination inside an organization as a process of "attribute matching. " Using this method, we compare organizational forms (U-form and M-form)...
Chong-en Bai, David D. Li, Yingyi Qian, Yijiang Wang
China's economic performance of the past two decades presents a puzzle for the economics of transition and development: Enormous private business incentives were unleashed that have fueled rapid...
We study China's township-village enterprises (TVES) from an organizational perspective with a focus on governance. Unlike most previous studies, we interpret the firm boundaries of TVEs at the...
Insecure Property Rights and Government Ownership of Firms (1998)
We develop a theory of the ownership of firms in an environment without secure property rights against state encroachment. "Private ownership " leads to excessive revenue hiding and...
From Federalism, Chinese Style to Privatization, Chinese style (1997)
Cao, Yuanzheng, Qian, Yingyi, Weingast, Barry R.
In 1994 China began a profound reform of its state-owned enterprises. We first describe and characterize this progress in two areas: privatization of small state-owned enterprises at the county level...
Reform Without Losers: An Interpretation of China's Dual-Track Approach to Transition (1997)
Lau, Lawrence J., Qian, Yingyi, Roland, Gerald
We develop a simple model to analyze the "dual-track" approach to transition to a market economy as a mechanism for implementing efficient Pareto-improving economic reform, that is, reform achieving...
Maskin, Eric, Qian, Yingyi, Xu, Cheng-Gang
We model organization as the command-and-communication network of managers erected on top of technology (which is modeled as a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to...
Maskin, Eric, Qian, Yingyi, Xu, Cheng-Gang
We model organization as the command-and-communication network of managers erected on top of technology (which is modeled as a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to...
Incentives, scale economies, and organizational form (1997)
Maskin, Eric, Qian, Yingyi, Xu, Cheng-Gang
We model organization as the command-and-communication network of managers erected on top of technology (which is modelled as a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to...
Incentives, scale economies, and organizational form (1997)
Maskin, Eric, Qian, Yingyi, Xu, Cheng-Gang
We model organization as the command-and-communication network of managers erected on top of technology (which is modelled as a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to...
Insecure Property rights and Government Ownership of Firms (1997)
China's remarkable economic growth occurred despite (1) the lack of rule of law to secure property rights against state encroachment; and (2) government ownership of most new and successful non-state...
Ownership and Institutions: Evidence in Rural China (1997)
We study the relationship between ownership of firms and institutional environment by examining China's rural non-farm sector, which consists of both private enterprises and community government-run...
Politics, growth, inequality in rural China: Does it pay to join the party (1996)
Jonathan Morduch, Terry Sicular, Yingyi Qian, Carl Riskin
As the experience of Russia and some Eastern European countries has demonstrated, economic reform is difficult to carry out when the rank-and-file officials or bureaucrats to whom authorities must...
China's thirteen years of economic reforms (1979-1991) have achieved an average GNP annual growth rate of 8.6%. What makes China's reforms differ from those of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union is...
China's thirteen years of economic reforms (1979-1991) have achieved an average GNP annual growth rate of 8.6%. What makes China's reforms differ from those of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union is...
Innovation and financial constraints centralised and decentralised economies (1992)
Because of the "too-early-to know" feature of innovation, the promotion of innovation in a given system critically depends on the screening mechanisms which terminate inefficient projects....
Innovation and financial constraints centralised and decentralised economies (1992)
Because of the "too-early-to know" feature of innovation, the promotion of innovation in a given system critically depends on the screening mechanisms which terminate inefficient projects....
Incentives and control in socialist economies /--by Yingyi Qian. (1990)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1990.
From Federalism, Chinese Style to Privatization, Chinese style
Yuanzheng Cao, Yingyi Qian, Barry R. Weingast
In 1994 China began a profound reform of its state-owned enterprises. We first describe and characterize this progress in two areas: privatization of small state-owned enterprises at the county level...
Reform Without Losers: An Interpretation of China's Dual-Track Approach to Transition
Lawrence J. Lau, Yingyi Qian, Gerald Roland
We develop a simple model to analyze the "dual-track" approach to transition to a market economy as a mechanism for implementing efficient Pareto-improving economic reform, that is, reform achieving...
Ownership and Institutions: Evidence in Rural China
We study the relationship between ownership of firms and institutional environment by examining China's rural non-farm sector, which consists of both private enterprises and community government-run...
Insecure Property rights and Government Ownership of Firms
China's remarkable economic growth occurred despite (1) the lack of rule of law to secure property rights against state encroachment; and (2) government ownership of most new and successful non-state...
We study China's township-village enterprises (TVES) from an organizational perspective with a focus on governance. Unlike most previous studies, we interpret the firm boundaries of TVEs at the...
Limiting Government Predation Through Anonymous Banking: A Theory with Evidence from China
Chong-En Bai, David D. Li, Yingyi Qian, Yijiang Wang
China's economic performance of the past two decades presents a puzzle for the economics of transition and development: Enormous private business incentives were unleashed that have fueled rapid...
Coordinating Changes in M-form and U-form Organizations
Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland, Chenggang Xu
We introduce a method of modelling coordination inside an organization as a process of "attribute matching." Using this method, we compare organizational forms (U-form and M-form) in coordinating...
China's reform worked and produced one of the most impressive growth in the largest developing and transition economy in the world in the past twenty-two years. That China has managed to grow so...
Entrepreneurship in China and Russia Compared
Djankov, Simeon, Qian, Yingyi, Roland, Gérard, Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
We compare results from a pilot study on entrepreneurship in China and Russia. Compared to non-entrepreneurs, Russian and Chinese entrepreneurs have more entrepreneurs in their family and among...
Who Are China's Entrepreneurs?
Djankov, Simeon, Qian, Yingyi, Roland, Gérard, Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
Social scientists studying the determinants of entrepreneurship have emphasized three distinct perspectives: the role of institutions, the role of social networks and the role of personal...
Entrepreneurship: First Results from Russia
Djankov, Simeon, Miguel, Edward, Qian, Yingyi, Roland, Gérard, Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
Studies of the determinants of entrepreneurship have emphasized three distinct perspectives: market institutions, social networks and personal characteristics. Using data from a pilot survey with...
Entrepreneurship in Brazil, China, and Russia
Simeon Djankov, Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
We study the determinants of the decision to become an entrepreneur in Russia, China, and Brazil, using unique survey data at the individual level. We find that entrepreneurs have many common...
Who are Russia's Entrepreneurs?
Simeon Djankov, Edward Miguel, Yingyi Qian, Gérard Roland, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
Social scientists studying entrepreneurship have emphasized three distinct sets of variables: the institutional environment, sociological variables, and personal and psychological characteristics. We...
Coordination and Experimentation in M-Form and U-Form Organizations
Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland, Chenggang Xu
We study the evolution of social distance among economists over the period 1970–2000. While the number of economists has more than doubled, the distance between them, which was already small, has...
What Makes a Successful Entrepreneur? Evidence from Brazil
Simeon Djankov, Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
We report the results of a new survey on entrepreneurship in Brazil. In September 2006, we interviewed 400 entrepreneurs and 550 non-entrepreneurs of the same age, gender, education and location in 7...
The Return to Capital in China
Chong-En Bai, Chang-Tai Hsieh, Yingyi Qian
China’s investment rate is one of the highest in the world, a fact that leads one to suspect that the return to capital in China must be quite low. Using data from China’s national accounts, this...
Federalism and the Soft Budget Constraint.
The government's incentives to bail out inefficient projects are determined by the trade-off between political benefits and economic costs, the latter depending on the decentralization of government....
A Theory of Shortage in Socialist Economies Based on the "Soft Budget Constraint."
This paper attributes shortages of goods in socialist economies to the soft financial constraints that firms in such economies face. A 'soft budget constraint' problem arises when the state bank is...
Eric Maskin, Yingyi Qian, Chenggang Xu
We model organization as the command-and-communication network of managers erected on top of technology (which is modelled as a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to...
Coordinating Tasks in M-Form and U-Form Organisations
Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland, Chenggang Xu
We model the coordination of specialised tasks inside an organisation as "attribute matching". Using this method, we compare the performance of organisational forms (M-form and U-form) in...
The Return to Capital in China
Chong-En Bai, Chang-Tai Hsieh, Yingyi Qian
China’s investment rate is one of the highest in the world, a fact that leads one to suspect that the return to capital in China must be quite low. Using data from China’s national accounts, this...
The Return to Capital in China
Chong-En Bai, Chang-Tai Hsieh, Yingyi Qian
China’s investment rate is one of the highest in the world, a fact that leads one to suspect that the return to capital in China must be quite low. Using data from China’s national accounts, this...
Ravi Kanbur, Yingyi Qian, Xiaobo Zhang
After three decades of market development, the problem in China is no longer how to achieve growth but how to manage its consequences and how to sustain it. One of the most important consequences is...
Incentives, Information, and Organizational Form.
Maskin, Eric, Qian, Yingyi, Xu, Chenggang
We model an organization as a hierarchy of managers erected on top of a technology (here consisting of a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to take steps to reduce the...
Innovation and Bureaucracy under Soft and Hard Budget Constraints.
Because of the inherent uncertainty, promotion of innovation critically depends on screening mechanisms to select projects. This paper studies the relationship between bureaucracy and financial...
Incentives and Loss of Control in an Optimal Hierarchy.
This paper studies incentives and loss of control in a hierarchy model that combines and generalizes the models of Williamson, Calvo-Wellisz and Keren-Levhari. The levels of effort from managers and...
Limiting Government Predation through Anonymous Banking: A Theory and Evidence from China
No abstract.
Federalism as a Commitment to Reserving Market Incentives.
Qian, Yingyi, Weingast, Barry R
The authors advance a new perspective in the study of federalism. Their approach views federalism as a governance solution of the state to credibly preserving market incentives. Market incentives are...
China's transition to the market followed a different path from those countries in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This paper tells the story of this transition process. In the first...
Who Are China’s Entrepreneurs?
Simeon Djankov, Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
Social scientists studying the determinants of entrepreneurship have emphasized three distinct perspectives: the role of institutions, the role of social networks and the role of personal...
Who are Russia’s entrepreneurs?
Simeon Djankov, Edward Miguel, Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
Social scientists studying entrepreneurship have emphasized three distinct sets of variables: the institutional environment, sociological variables, and personal and psychological characteristics. We...
Entrepreneurship in China and Russia Compared
Simeon Djankov, Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
We compare results from a pilot study on entrepreneurship in China and Russia. Compared to non-entrepreneurs, Russian and Chinese entrepreneurs have more entrepreneurs in their family and among...
Reform Without Losers: An Interpretation of China's Dual-Track Approach to Transition
Lau, Lawrence J, Qian, Yingyi, Roland, Gérard
We develop a simple model to analyse the ‘dual-track’ approach to transition to a market economy as a mechanism for implementing efficient Pareto-improving economic reform, that is, reform...
Entrepreneurship: First Results from Russia
Simeon Djankov, Edward Miguel, Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
We study the determinants of the decision to become an entrepreneur in 7 Russian cities. Using data on 400 entrepreneurs and 440 non-entrepreneurs, we find considerable variation in the proportion of...
Regional Decentralization and the Soft Budget Constraint: The Case of China
The majority of enterprises in China are controlled by local governments at the provincial, city, county, township and village levels. We study the effect of regional decentralization on soft budget...
Pareto-Improving Economic Reforms through Dual-Track Liberalization
Lau, Lawrence J, Qian, Yingyi, Roland, Gérard
Pareto-improving economic reforms that also simultaneously achieve efficiency can be implemented through a strategy of ‘dual-track’ liberalization. Its success requires the feasibility of the...
From Federalism, Chinese Style, to Privatization, Chinese Style
Cao Yuanzheng,, Qian, Yingyi, Weingast, Barry
In 1994, China began a profound reform of its state-owned enterprises (SOE). We first describe and characterize this progress in two areas: privatization of small state-owned enterprises (SOEs) at...
Bai, Chong-En, Li, David Daokui, Qian, Yingyi, Wang, Yijiang
China's economic performance of the past two decades presents a puzzle for the economics of transition and development: Enormous private business incentives were unleashed that have fueled rapid...
China’s reform worked and produced some of the most impressive growth in the largest developing and transition economy in the world in the past twenty-two years. That China has managed to grow so...
Entrepreneurship in China and Russia Compared
Simeon Djankov, Yingyi Qian, Gérard Roland, Ekaterina Zhuravskaya
We compare results from a pilot study on entrepreneurship in China and Russia. Compared to non-entrepreneurs, Russian and Chinese entrepreneurs have more entrepreneurs in their family and among...
Public Versus Private Ownership Of Firms: Evidence From Rural China
Why are many of China's successful rural enterprises publically owned by local communities? Using a set of provincial data, we find that the share of community public firms (Township-Village...
Insecure Property Rights And Government Ownership Of Firms
We develop a theory of the ownership of firms in an environment without secure property rights against state encroachment. "Private ownership" leads to excessive revenue hiding, and "state ownership"...
We study China's township-village enterprises (TVEs) from an organizational perspective with a focus on governance. Unlike most previous studies, we interpret the firm boundaries of TVEs at the...
Symposium on Market Development and Inequality in China
Ravi Kanbur, Yingyi Qian, Xiaobo Zhang
After three decades of market development, the problem in China is no longer how to achieve growth but how to manage its consequences and how to sustain it. One of the most important consequences is...
The Return to Capital in China
Chong-En Bai, Chang-Tai Hsieh, Yingyi Qian
China's investment rate is one of the highest in the world, which naturally leads one to suspect that the return to capital in China must be quite low. Using the data from China's national accounts,...
Pareto-Improving Economic Reforms through Dual-Track Liberalization
Lawrence J. Lau, Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland
Pareto-improving economic reforms that also simultaneously achieve efficiency can be implemented through a strategy of "dual-track" liberalization. Its success requires the feasibility of the...
Incentives, Information, and Organizational Form
Eric Maskin, Yingyi Qian, Chenggang Xu
December 1997 This paper has been revised as Stanford Economics Working Paper 99-009.
Federalism as a Commitment to Preserving Market Incentives
Yingyi Qian, Barry R. Weingast
Fall, 1997 Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 11, Number 4, pp.83-92, Fall 1997 We advance a new perspective in the study of federalism. Our approach views federalism as a governance solution...
Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, April 1998. We study China's township-village enterprises (TVEs) from an organizational perspective with a focus on governance. Unlike most previous...
Balanced or Unbalanced Development: Special Economic Zones as Catalysts for Transition
Journal of Comparative Economics, March 1998. We develop a theory for a transition economy under which an unbalanced development strategy that favors special economic zones emerges as a response to...
Federalism and the Soft Budget Constraint
October 1997, (Forthcoming, American Economic Review) The government's incentives to bail out inefficient projects are determined by the tradeoff between political benefits and economic costs, the...
Public vs. Private Ownership of Firms: Evidence from Rural China
November 1997, Revised March 1998 (forthcoming, Quarterly Journal of Economics) Why are many of China's successful rural enterprises publically owned by local communities? Using a set of provincial...
Reform without Losers: An Interpretation of China's Dual-Track Approach to Transition
Lawrence J. Lau, Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland
November 1997 This paper has been revised as Stanford Economics Working Paper 99-010.
From Federalism, Chinese Style, to Privatization, Chinese Style
Yuanzheng Cao, Yingyi Qian, Barry R. Weingast
December 1997 In 1994 China began a profound reform of its state-owned enterprises. We first describe and characterize this progress in two areas: privatization of small state-owned enterprises at...
Insecure Property Rights and Government Ownership of Firms
Forthcoming, Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1998 We develop a theory of the ownership of firms in an environment without secure property rights against state encroachment. "Private ownership"...
Incentives, Information, and Organizational Form
Eric Maskin, Yingyi Qian, Chenggang Xu
February 6, 1999 We model an organization as a hierarchy of managers erected on top of a technology (here consisting of a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to take...
Reform without Losers: An Interpretation of China's Dual-Track Approach to Transition
Lawrence J. Lau, Yingyi Qian, Gerard Roland
This paper develops a simple model to analyze the "dual-track" approach to market liberalization as a mechanism for implementing efficient Pareto-improving economic reform, that is, reform achieving...
The Institutional Foundations of China's Market Transition
April 1999 This paper intends to properly account for China's two decades of market transition by examining its institutional foundations. The journey of transition is analyzed as a two-stage...
April 1999 In the past two decades, China's transition from a planned to a market system followed a different path from those countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. So far the...
Regional Decentralization and Fiscal Incentives: Federalism, Chinese Style
Hehui Jin, Yingyi Qian, Barry Weingast
March 1999 Second generation theories of federalism extend traditional approaches by systematically studying the role of government incentives in economic performance. Providing government with the...
Chong-En Bai, David D. Li, Yingyi Qian, Yijiang Wang
May 31, 1999 China's economic performance of the past two decades presents a puzzle for the economics of transition and development: Enormous private business incentives were unleashed that have...
Innovation and Financial Constraints Centralised and Decentralised Economies
Because of the "too-early-to know" feature of innovation, the promotion of innovation in a given system critically depends on the screening mechanisms which terminate inefficient projects....
Why Chinas Economic Reforms Differ: The M-Form Hierarchy and Entry/Expansion of the Non-State Sector
China's thirteen years of reforms (1979-1991) have achieved an average GNP annual growth rate of 8.6%. What makes China's reforms from those of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union is the sustained...
Eric Maskin, Yingyi Qian, Chenggang Xu
We model organization as the command-and-communication network of managers erected on top of technology (which is modeled as a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to...
Enterprise reform in China: agency problems and political control
The past reforms of state-owned enterprises in China delegated many effective control rights to managers while maintaining ultimate control rights for the Party and government. The result is that...